Figure 1.

Phylogenetic tree of commelinid monocotyledons and key results from lignified cell wall preparations. A, Phylogenetic tree adapted from Givnish et al. (2010) and Chase et al. (2006). Families sampled in this study are on a white background. In APG IV (2016), Centrolepidaceae is included in Restionaceae. B, Key results from lignified cell wall preparations: ABSL content (percentage dry weight ± se for n = 2), the ratio of FA to pCA as quantified by alkaline hydrolysis, and the proportions of the lignin components as quantified by DFRC.