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Hypothetical pathways of phlebovirus evolution. Based on our current knowledge of phleboviruses, the ancestor of phleboviruses is likely to be a tick-borne virus. The ancestral phlebovirus evolved into divergent viruses in ticks, and a variety of tick-borne viruses have been generated. MKWV and mosquito/sandfly-borne phleboviruses might be produced from the ancestor of Mukawa virus, and thus, less diversity can be observed among these insect-borne viruses than tick-borne phleboviruses.
