. 2018 May 12;14(7):717–725. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.24063

Table 2.

Subgroup analyses of prevalence of ASD and autism based on clinical diagnostic criteria

		Number of studies	N	Event	I² (%)	P	Prevalence (per 10000)	95% CI (per 10000) Lower	95% CI (per 10000) Upper	u-value	P
ASDs		16	87917	320	89.29	<0.001	39.23	28.44	50.03	1457.90
Gender	Male	13	41155	253	98.77	<0.001	72.77	54.16	91.39	30.343	<0.001
Gender	Female	13	36137	50	93.98	<0.001	16.45	11.85	21.06	30.343	<0.001
Area	Urban	6	35744	88	91.27	<0.001	32.73	20.52	44.95	0.216	0.642
Area	Rural	2	8384	26	96.5	<0.001	62.26	37.29	161.80	0.216	0.642
Study time	2009-2012	9	44882	178	98.55	<0.001	38.72	26.49	50.94	0.689	0.406
Study time	>2012	7	43035	136	99.24	<0.001	36.36	19.75	52.98	0.689	0.406
Study site	East of China	11	59665	191	99.16	<0.001	45.81	34.05	57.58	0.392	0.531
	West of China	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	Central China	5	28252	123	98.51	<0.001	50.85	31.69	70.02
Diagnostic criteria	ADOS	1	701	6	-	-	85.59	64.88	106.30	1.924	0.588
	CCMD	1	6118	39	-	-	63.75	57.63	69.87
	DSM-4	10	57005	192	98.74	<0.001	41.87	30.26	53.47
	DSM-5	4	24093	83	99.52	<0.001	48.96	24.99	72.93

Autism		25	2218950	987	99.975	<0.001	10.18	8.46	11.89	97232.57
Gender	Male	14	423777	360	99.69	<0.001	20.50	12.98	28.02	8.679	0.003
Gender	Female	14	370495	119	98.80	<0.001	6.12	3.08	9.16	8.679	0.003
Area	Urban	20	304580	434	96.36	<0.001	14.80	9.87	19.72	4.105	0.043
Area	Rural	5	506027	147	95.45	<0.001	6.06	1.13	11.00	4.105	0.043
Study time	1996-2008	8	657661	199	99.60	<0.001	8.18	4.36	12.00	5.113	0.024
Study time	2009-2013	8	85530	200	94.05	<0.001	20.40	14.05	26.74	5.113	0.024
Study site	East of China	14	227497	401	99.38	<0.001	14.62	9.86	19.38	0.556	0.757
	West of China	6	1371972	488	99.94	<0.001	6.41	2.41	10.40
	Central China	2	19854	18	98.55	<0.001	8.68	3.51	20.87
Diagnostic criteria	ABC	1	65651	97	-	-	14.78	13.85	15.70	4.149	0.386
	CCMD	5	37859	37	94.77	<0.001	10.05	4.52	15.57
	DSM-III	1	10140	3	-	-	2.96	1.90	4.02
	DSM-IV	13	108131	150	97.33	<0.001	17.03	13.09	20.97
	ICD-10	4	1994209	691	99.95	<0.001	10.14	8.10	12.19
Age (years)	≤2.08	5	15552	82	96.92	<0.001	40	10	140	0.976	0.323
Age (years)	>2.08	4	40208	128	8.861	<0.001	20	10	70	0.976	0.323

Diagnosis tools: ABC, Autism Behavior Checklist; ADOS: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; CCMD, Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders; DSM-III, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition, revised; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition; DSM-V, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision