Table 3.

Studies of missed nursing care, patient satisfaction and quality of care

Study	Context	Associations of missed care and outcomes
Ausserhofer et al. (2013)	Switzerland 132 units (surgical; medical; mixed surgical–medical units)	Rationing of nursing care was associated with patient satisfaction (OR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.11–0.67)
Bruyneel et al. (2015)	8 European countries (Belgium; Finland; Germany; Greece; Ireland; Poland; Spain; Switzerland) Surgical; medical; mixed surgical–medical units	Clinical care left undone is associated with patients recommending the hospital and patient rating the hospital The amount of care left undone partially mediates the effects of patient‐to‐nurse ratios and work environment on patient recommending the hospital Clinical care left undone mediates the effect of nurse staffing levels on both patient outcomes differently, depending on the proportion of nurses trained to a bachelor's degree
Papastavrou, Andreou, Tsangari, et al., (2014)	Cyprus 10 medical/surgical units	Implicit rationing care was associated with all five dimensions of patient satisfaction: direct nursing care (p < .001); technical care (p < .001); information (p < .001); interpersonal (p < .001); indirect nursing care (p < .01)
Schubert et al. (2008)	Switzerland 118 units (medical; surgical; gynaecology)	A 0.5‐unit increase in rationing scores was associated with a 37% decrease in the odds of patients reporting satisfaction with the care they received (p = .08)—adjusted model
Ball et al. (2014)	England 401 units (medical or surgical)	Correlation between the number of items of missed care and nurses perception of quality of care (polyserial correlation = −0.037, p < .001) and nurse overall grading of patient safety on their unit/ward (polyserial correlation = −0.40, p < .001)
Sochalski (2004)	USA Number of hospitals not documented 8,670 staff nurses in acute hospitals	There was an association between a poor rating of quality of care and the number of tasks left undone (β = −0.20; p < .001)
Zúñiga et al. (2015)	Switzerland 402 units in 155 nursing homes 4,311 care workers (RNs, LPN nursing aides)	Better quality of care was associated with less implicit rationing of caring, rehabilitation, and monitoring (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.24–0.49); and less rationing of social care (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.69–0.92)