Table 3.
Logistic regression: antenatal psychosocial exposures and at least one episode of child wheeze
| Predictors of at least one episode of child wheeze, with antenatal psychosocial risk factors as primary exposures | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variable | Univariate OR (95%CI) | Multivariable OR (95%CI) |
| Antenatal maternal depression | 1.12 (0.83, 1.50) | 1.10 (0.81, 1.50) 1 |
| Antenatal maternal psychological distress | 1.29 (0.94, 1.76) | 1.20 (0.87, 1.67) 2 |
| Antenatal maternal IPV | 1.06 (0.81, 1.38) | 0.98 (0.74, 1.30) 3 |
| Antenatal maternal childhood trauma | 1.22 (0.94, 1.59) | 1.09 (0.82, 1.44) 4 |
| Antenatal maternal PTSD | ||
| No PTSD exposure | REFERENCE | REFERENCE |
| Suspect PTSD | 1.36 (0.94, 1.99) | 1.59 (1.06, 2.36) 5 |
| Trauma exposed | 0.89 (0.60, 1.31) | 0.96 (0.64, 1.44) 5 |
| Maternal age at delivery | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | ‐ |
| Maternal HIV status | 1.02 (0.76, 1.35) | ‐ |
| Maternal smoking | 1.68 (1.29, 2.18) | 1.26 (0.91, 1.74) 6 |
| Number of postnatal household smokers | ||
| None | REFERENCE | ‐ |
| 1 person | 1.45 (1.09, 1.94) | 1.27 (0.94, 1.73) 6 |
| 2 or more people | 1.67 (1.24, 2.25) | 1.27 (0.91, 1.77) 6 |
| Antenatal maternal alcohol use | 1.30 (0.93, 1.82) | ‐ |
| Lower risk | REFERENCE | |
| Moderate risk | 1.62 (1.02, 2.58) | ‐ |
| Higher risk | 1.30 (0.64, 2.67) | ‐ |
| Family history asthma | 1.28 (0.58, 2.83) | ‐ |
| Household income per month (South African Rand [ZAR]) | ||
| <R1000 | REFERENCE | ‐ |
| R1000‐R5000 | 0.89 (0.69, 1.15) | ‐ |
| >R5000 | 0.92 (0.63, 1.33) | ‐ |
| Education | ||
| Primary | REFERENCE | ‐ |
| Secondary | 0.93 (0.59, 1.47) | ‐ |
| Completed secondary | 0.76 (0.47, 1.22) | ‐ |
| Any tertiary | 0.89 (0.47, 1.67) | ‐ |
| SES quartile | ||
| Lowest | REFERENCE | ‐ |
| Moderately‐low | 1.23 (0.88, 1.71) | ‐ |
| Moderately‐high | 0.94 (0.67, 1.32) | ‐ |
| Highest | 0.78 (0.56, 1.10) | ‐ |
| Sex—Female | 0.83 (0.66, 1.05) | ‐ |
| Gestational age | 0.98 (0.94, 1.02) | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) 6 |
| Preterm | 1.19 (0.87, 1.63) | ‐ |
| Birth weight Z‐score | 0.85 (0.76, 0.94) | 0.84 (0.75, 0.95) 6 |
| Initiated breastfeeding | 0.98 (0.66, 1.44) | ‐ |
| Duration of exclusive breastfeeding | 0.94 (0.89, 1.00) | ‐ |
| DTaP‐IPV‐HIB 6‐10 weeks | 1.23 (0.20, 7.39) | ‐ |
| PCV13 6‐10 weeks | 0.62 (0.14, 2.78) | ‐ |
| BCG vaccine at birth | 1.02 (0.23, 4.57) | ‐ |
| Site—TC Newman | 1.63 (1.29, 2.07) | 1.48 (1.09, 2.00) 6 |
| Child follow up time | 1.08 (1.06, 1.10) | 1.08 (1.06, 1.10) 6 |
Multivariable models notation:
N = 983. Model 1: Antenatal maternal depression, maternal smoking, number of household smokers, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.
N = 984. Model 2: Antenatal maternal psychological distress, maternal smoking, number of household smokers, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.
N = 984. Model 3: Antenatal maternal IPV, maternal smoking, number of household smokers, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.
N = 990. Model 4: Maternal childhood trauma, maternal smoking, number of household smokers, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.
N = 982. Model 5: Antenatal maternal PTSD, maternal smoking, number of household smokers, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.
N = 1122. Model 6: Maternal smoking, number of household smokers, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.