Table 4.
Logistic regression: Antenatal psychosocial exposures and recurrent child wheeze
| Predictors of recurrent child wheeze, with antenatal psychosocial risk factors as primary exposures | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variable | Univariate OR (95%CI) | Multivariable OR (95%CI) |
| Antenatal maternal depression | 1.35 (0.92, 1.97) | 1.17 (0.77, 1.77) 7 |
| Antenatal maternal psychological distress | 1.58 (1.06, 2.35) | 1.42 (0.92, 2.19) 8 |
| Antenatal maternal IPV | 1.35 (0.95, 1.91) | 1.16 (0.79, 1.71) 9 |
| Antenatal maternal childhood trauma | 1.34 (0.95, 1.90) | 1.04 (0.71, 1.52) 10 |
| Antenatal maternal PTSD | ||
| No PTSD exposure | ‐ | |
| Suspect PTSD | 1.26 (0.76, 2.08) | 1.86 (1.08, 3.20) 11 |
| Trauma exposed | 0.96 (0.57, 1.60) | 1.09 (0.63, 1.90) 11 |
| Maternal age at delivery | 0.99 (0.96, 1.02) | ‐ |
| Maternal HIV status | 0.93 (0.62, 1.39) | ‐ |
| Maternal smoking | 2.48 (1.77, 3.50) | 1.78 (1.14, 2.78) 12 |
| Number of household smokers | ||
| None | REFERENCE | ‐ |
| 1 person | 1.57 (1.04, 2.38) | 1.06 (0.67, 1.70) 12 |
| 2 or more people | 1.88 (1.24, 2.84) | 1.03 (0.63, 1.70) 12 |
| Antenatal maternal alcohol use | ||
| Lower risk | REFERENCE | ‐ |
| Moderate risk | 2.55 (1.49, 4.36) | 1.94 (1.07, 3.51) 12 |
| Higher risk | 1.32 (0.51, 3.44) | 1.22 (0.44, 3.41) 12 |
| Family history asthma | 1.37 (0.48, 3.89) | ‐ |
| Household income per month (South African Rand [ZAR]) | ||
| <R1000 | REFERENCE | ‐ |
| R1000‐R5000 | 0.91 (0.64, 1.31) | ‐ |
| >R5000 | 1.16 (0.71, 1.90) | ‐ |
| Education | ||
| Primary | REFERENCE | ‐ |
| Secondary | 0.79 (0.44, 1.42) | ‐ |
| Completed secondary | 0.65 (0.35, 1.20) | ‐ |
| Any tertiary | 0.44 (0.17, 1.14) | ‐ |
| SES quartile | ||
| Lowest | REFERENCE | ‐ |
| Moderately‐low | 1.53 (0.97, 2.41) | ‐ |
| Moderately‐high | 1.14 (0.72, 1.82) | ‐ |
| Highest | 0.69 (0.42, 1.15) | ‐ |
| Sex—Female | 0.53 (0.38, 0.74) | 0.59 (0.41, 0.85) 12 |
| Gestational age | 0.95 (0.90, 1.00) | 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) 12 |
| Preterm | 1.38 (0.91, 2.08) | ‐ |
| Birth weight Z‐score | 0.86 (0.74, 0.99) | 0.86 (0.72, 1.03) 12 |
| Initiated breastfeeding | 1.37 (0.75, 2.49) | ‐ |
| Duration of exclusive breastfeeding | 0.93 (0.85, 1.01) | ‐ |
| DTaP‐IPV‐HIB 6‐10 weeks | ‐ | ‐ |
| PCV13 6‐10 weeks | 0.99 (0.10, 9.62) | ‐ |
| BCG vaccine at birth | 0.59 (0.11, 3.27) | ‐ |
| Site—TC Newman | 2.12 (1.53, 2.95) | 1.60 (1.01, 2.53) 12 |
| Child follow up time | 1.09 (1.06, 1.12) | 1.08 (1.05, 1.12) 12 |
Multivariable models notation:
N = 731. model 7: Antenatal maternal depression, maternal smoking, number of household smokers, antenatal maternal alcohol use, sex, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.
N = 731. model 8: Antenatal maternal psychological distress, maternal smoking, number of household smokers, antenatal maternal alcohol use, sex, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.
N = 731. model 9: Antenatal maternal IPV, maternal smoking, number of household smokers, antenatal maternal alcohol use, sex, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.
N = 735. model 10: Maternal childhood trauma, maternal smoking, number of household smokers, antenatal maternal alcohol use, sex, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.
N = 730. model 11: Antenatal maternal PTSD, maternal smoking, number of household smokers, antenatal maternal alcohol use, sex, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.
N = 735. model 12: Maternal smoking, number of household smokers, antenatal maternal alcohol use, sex, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.