Table 5.
Logistic regression: postnatal psychosocial exposures and at least one episode of child wheeze
| Predictors of at least one episode of child wheeze, with postnatal psychosocial risk factors as primary exposures | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variable | Univariate OR (95%CI) | Multivariable OR (95%CI) |
| Postnatal maternal depression | 1.51 (0.98,2.33) | 1.38 (0.88, 2.17) 13 |
| Postnatal maternal psychological distress | 2.52 (1.44, 4.41) | 2.09 (1.16, 3.77) 14 |
| Postnatal maternal IPV | 1.82 (1.29, 2.58) | 1.63 (1.13, 2.34) 15 |
| Postnatal maternal PTSD | ||
| No PTSD exposure | REFERENCE | ‐ |
| Suspect PTSD | 1.13 (0.48, 2.67) | 1.35 (0.54, 3.37) 16 |
| Trauma exposed | 2.05 (0.72, 5.84) | 2.23 (0.75, 6.58) 16 |
| Maternal age at delivery | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | ‐ |
| Maternal HIV status | 1.02 (0.76, 1.35) | ‐ |
| Maternal smoking | 1.68 (1.29, 2.18) | 1.26 (0.91, 1.74) 17 |
| Number of household smokers | ||
| None | REFERENCE | ‐ |
| 1 person | 1.47 (1.10, 1.96) | 1.27 (0.94, 1.73) 17 |
| 2 or more people | 1.69 (1.26, 2.27) | 1.27 (0.91, 1.77) 17 |
| Antenatal maternal alcohol use | 1.30 (0.93, 1.82) | ‐ |
| Lower risk | REFERENCE | |
| Moderate risk | 1.62 (1.02, 2.58) | ‐ |
| Higher risk | 1.30 (0.64, 2.67) | ‐ |
| Family history asthma | 1.28 (0.58, 2.83) | ‐ |
| Household income per month (South African Rand [ZAR]) | ||
| <R1000 | REFERENCE | ‐ |
| R1000‐R5000 | 0.89 (0.69, 1.15) | ‐ |
| >R5000 | 0.92 (0.63, 1.33) | ‐ |
| Education | ||
| Primary | REFERENCE | ‐ |
| Secondary | 0.93 (0.59, 1.47) | ‐ |
| Completed secondary | 0.76 (0.47, 1.22) | ‐ |
| Any tertiary | 0.89 (0.47, 1.67) | ‐ |
| SES quartile | ||
| Lowest | REFERENCE | ‐ |
| Moderately‐low | 1.23 (0.88, 1.71) | ‐ |
| Moderately‐high | 0.94 (0.67, 1.32) | ‐ |
| Highest | 0.78 (0.56, 1.10) | ‐ |
| Sex—Female | 0.83 (0.66, 1.05) | ‐ |
| Gestational age | 0.98 (0.94, 1.02) | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) 17 |
| Preterm | 1.19 (0.87, 1.63) | ‐ |
| Birth weight Z‐score | 0.85 (0.76, 0.94) | 0.84 (0.75, 0.95) 17 |
| Initiated breastfeeding | 0.98 (0.66, 1.44) | ‐ |
| Duration of exclusive breastfeeding | 0.94 (0.89, 1.00) | ‐ |
| DTap‐IPV‐HIB 6‐10 weeks | 1.23 (0.20, 7.39) | ‐ |
| PCV13 6‐10 weeks | 0.62 (0.14, 2.78) | ‐ |
| BCG vaccine at birth | 1.02 (0.23, 4.57) | ‐ |
| Site—TC Newman | 1.63 (1.29, 2.07) | 1.48 (1.09, 2.00) 17 |
| Child follow up time | 1.08 (1.06, 1.10) | 1.08 (1.06, 1.10) 17 |
Multivariable models notation:
N = 641. Model 13: Postnatal maternal depression, maternal smoking, number of household smokers, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.
N = 639. Model 14: Postnatal maternal psychological distress, maternal smoking, number of household smokers, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.
N = 639. Model 15: Postnatal maternal IPV, maternal smoking, number of household smokers, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.
N = 251. Model 16: Postnatal maternal PTSD, maternal smoking, number of household smokers, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.
N = 1122. Model 17: Maternal smoking, number of household smokers, gestational age, birthweight, site, follow‐up time.