Table 1.
Analytical Sample Descriptive Statistics
| Male | Female | p Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 2,041 (42) | 2,801 (58) | <.001 |
| Age (years) | 76 (72–81) | 76 (72–80) | 1.000 |
| Body Mass Index (Kg/m2) | 26.54 (24.26–28.99) | 26.79 (23.95–29.88) | 1.000 |
| Body Mass Index categories (n, %) | <.001 | ||
| Underweight | 21 (1) | 46 (2) | |
| Normal Weight | 637 (31) | 910 (32) | |
| Overweight | 1,003 (49) | 1,164 (42) | |
| Obese | 379 (19) | 681 (24) | |
| Height (cm) | 175.4 (171.3–179.7) | 161 (157.2–164.8) | <.001 |
| Mini Mental Status Exam Score | 27 (25–28) | 27 (26–29) | <.001 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale Score | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 1.000 |
| Education (postsecondary) (n, %) | 633 (31) | 657 (23) | <.001 |
| Smoking status (n, %) | <.001 | ||
| Never | 579 (28) | 1,471 (53) | |
| Former | 1,219 (60) | 966 (35) | |
| Current | 241 (12) | 360 (13) | |
| Alcohol Intake (g/week) | 6.4 (0–26.4) | 1.6 (0–8) | <.001 |
| Physical activity, (>240 min/wk) (n, %) | 711 (35) | 777 (28) | <.001 |
| ADL impairment (five-item score) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | <.001 |
| Serum C-Reactive Protein (mg/L) | 1.7 (0.9–3.5) | 1.9 (1–4) | .014 |
| EQ5D - Health Status (0–100) | 89 (75–95) | 87 (70–95) | 1.000 |
| Diabetes Mellitus (n, %) | 308 (15) | 264 (9) | <.001 |
| Number of comorbidities (max=7) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | <.001 |
| Osteoarthritis (n, %) | 497 (25) | 1311 (48) | <.001 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 1,640 (80) | 2,265 (81) | 1.000 |
| Congestive Heart Failure (n, %) | 116 (6) | 98 (4) | .008 |
| Stroke (n, %) | 138 (7) | 164 (6) | 1.000 |
| COPD (n, %) | 196 (10) | 298 (11) | 1.000 |
| Kidney Disease (n, %) | 80 (4) | 152 (5) | .534 |
| Cancer (n, %) | 311 (15) | 413 (15) | 1.000 |
| EQ5D - Moderate or Extreme Pain (n, %) | 478 (30) | 1119 (53) | <.001 |
| History of pain in tested knee or hip (n, %) | 367 (18) | 781 (28) | <.001 |
| Attenuation (HU) | 46.72 (43.47–49.42) | 43.54 (40.53–46.24) | <.001 |
| Muscle Area (cm2) | 60.47 (53.94–66.94) | 42.3 (37.26–47.05) | <.001 |
| Intra-muscular Fat Area (%) | 5.734 (3.846–7.521) | 9.011 (6.945–11.05) | <.001 |
| Maximum Rate of Torque Development (Nm/s) | 524.6 (352.7–749.9) | 270.9 (185–397) | <.001 |
| Peak torque (Nm) | 166.5 (134.9–200.7) | 95.38 (75.64–115.8) | <.001 |
Note: ADL = Activities of Daily Living; COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder; EQ5D = European Quality of Life 5 Domain Questionnaire. Continuous variables are described as medians and inter-quartile ranges. Binary and categorical variables are counts and proportions.
a p Values adjusted for multiple comparisons using Benjamini-Hochberg Procedure.