Table 3.

Female Standardized Betas and 95% Confidence Intervals

		Torque Properties
Muscle	Model	Rate of Torque Development (Nm/s)	Peak Torque (Nm)
Attenuation
	Bivariate	0.20 (0.16 to 0.23)	0.31 (0.28 to 0.35)
	1	0.12 (0.08 to 0.16)	0.21 (0.18 to 0.25)
	2	0.11 (0.07 to 0.15)	0.21 (0.17 to 0.24)
	3	0.11 (0.07 to 0.15)	0.20 (0.17 to 0.24)
	3 + Muscle Area	0.08 (0.04 to 0.12)	0.13 (0.10 to 0.16)
	3 + IMAT	0.08 (0.04 to 0.12)	0.17 (0.13 to 0.20)
	3 + Muscle area and IMAT	0.07 (0.03 to 0.11)	0.12 (0.09 to 0.16)
Area
	Bivariate	0.25 (0.22 to 0.29)	0.49 (0.46 to 0.52)
	1	0.15 (0.11 to 0.19)	0.37 (0.34 to 0.41)
	2	0.14 (0.10 to 0.19)	0.37 (0.33 to 0.41)
	3	0.14 (0.10 to 0.19)	0.37 (0.33 to 0.41)
	3 + Attenuation	0.12 (0.08 to 0.17)	0.33 (0.30 to 0.37)
	3 + IMAT	0.12 (0.07 to 0.16)	0.35 (0.31 to 0.39)
	3 + Attenuation & IMAT	0.10 (0.06 to 0.15)	0.33 (0.29 to 0.37)
IMAT
	Bivariate	−0.14 (−0.17 to −0.10)	−0.19 (−0.23 to −0.15)
	1	−0.11 (−0.14 to −0.07)	−0.15 (−0.19 to −0.12)
	2	−0.10 (−0.14 to −0.07)	−0.15 (−0.18 to −0.12)
	3	−0.11 (−0.14 to −0.07)	−0.15 (−0.18 to −0.12)
	3 + Attenuation	−0.08 (−0.12 to −0.04)	−0.10 (−0.13 to −0.06)
	3 + Muscle Area	−0.07 (−0.11 to −0.04)	−0.05 (−0.09 to −0.02)
	3 + Attenuation & Muscle Area	−0.06 (−0.10 to −0.02)	−0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01)

Note: IMAT = % Intramuscular Adipose Tissue area. Estimates are pooled results from imputed data. Models adjusted for:

Model 1: age, height, BMI, cognitive status, depression, health status, general pain, diabetes, knee or hip pain, acute inflammation;

Model 2: covariates in Model 1 + smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, education;

Model 3: covariates in Model 2 + number of deficits in activities of daily living, number of comorbidities.