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. 2018 Jun 14;14(6):e1006990. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006990

Fig 1. Challenges associated with CRISPR-Cas antimicrobials and potential routes to overcome them.

Fig 1

A summary of the obstacles associated with using CRISPR-Cas–based antimicrobials in complex environmental populations of bacteria is shown. These include ensuring effective delivery of constructs (top left), routes of resistance evolution to these novel antimicrobials (top right), the species diversity and spatial complexity of bacterial communities (bottom left), and uncertainty in usage guidelines and stakeholder support (bottom right). AMR, antimicrobial resistance; CRISPR-Cas, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR–associated.