Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics of the cohort.
| Total cohort population | Propensity-score matched population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statin user (n = 103,930) |
Non-statin user (n = 430,685) |
P-value | Statin user (n = 25,726) |
Non-statin user (n = 25,726) |
SD (%) | P-value | |
| Age, mean ± standard deviation (years) | 56.8 ± 12.3 | 42.2 ± 14.2 | < 0.001 | 52.6 ± 13.6 | 52.5 ± 13.7 | 0.59 | 0.51 |
| 18~30 | 1,690 (1.6) | 111,138 (25.8) | 1,460 (5.7) | 1,380 (5.4) | |||
| 31~40 | 7,999 (7.7) | 104,049 (24.2) | 3,743 (14.6) | 3,897 (15.2) | |||
| 41~50 | 22,302 (21.5) | 108,318 (25.2) | 6,616 (25.7) | 6,881 (26.8) | |||
| 51~60 | 32,315 (31.1) | 55,988 (13.0) | 6,362 (24.7) | 6,202 (24.1) | |||
| 61~70 | 24,982 (24.0) | 33,928 (7.9) | 4,846 (18.8) | 4,747 (18.5) | |||
| 71~ | 14,642 (14.1) | 17,264 (4.0) | 2,699 (10.5) | 2,619 (10.2) | |||
| Male gender | 47,816 (46.0) | 221,709(51.5) | < 0.001 | 12,608 (49.0) | 12,587 (48.9) | 1.36 | 0.85 |
| Economic class | < 0.001 | 2.07 | 0.24 | ||||
| Low (≤ 30%) | 32,711 (31.5) | 163,291 (37.9) | 8,193 (31.8) | 8,375 (32.6) | |||
| Middle (30% ~ 80%) | 38.929 (37.5) | 179,818 (41.8) | 10,026 (39.0) | ||||
| High (> 80%) | 32,290 (31.1) | 87,576 (20.3) | 7,507 (29.2) | 7,380 (28.7) | |||
| Hypertension | 61,401 (59.1) | 39,577 (9.2) | < 0.001 | 11,084 (43.1) | 11,029 (42.9) | 0.43 | 0.62 |
| Diabetes | 37,621 (36.2) | 22,477 (5.2) | < 0.001 | 7,839 (30.5) | 8,114 (31.5) | -2.31 | 0.009 |
| Dyslipidemia | 99,468 (95.7) | 22,254 (5.2) | < 0.001 | 21,267 (82.7) | 21,284 (82.7) | -0.17 | 0.84 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 19,631 (18.9) | 9,581 (2.2) | < 0.001 | 3,577 (13.9) | 3,471 (13.5) | 1.2 | 0.17 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 3,279 (3.2) | 2,006 (0.5) | < 0.001 | 595 (2.3) | 563 (2.2) | 0.84 | 0.34 |
| Heart failure | 6,649 (6.4) | 3,749 (0.9) | < 0.001 | 1,250 (4.9) | 1,180 (4.6) | 1.28 | 0.15 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 2,122 (2.0) | 1,367 (0.3) | < 0.001 | 433 (1.7) | 421 (1.6) | 0.37 | 0.68 |
| Valvular heart disease | 987 (1.0) | 692 (0.2) | < 0.001 | 211 (0.8) | 222 (0.9) | -0.47 | 0.60 |
| Carotid stenosis | 687 (0.7) | 71 (0.0) | < 0.001 | 54 (0.2) | 44 (0.2) | 0.89 | 0.31 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 15,597 (15.0) | 9,760 (2.3) | < 0.001 | 2,751 (10.7) | 2,773 (10.8) | -0.28 | 0.75 |
| Chronic renal disease | 3,184 (3.1) | 2,235 (0.5) | < 0.001 | 904 (3.5) | 948 (3.7) | -0.92 | 0.30 |
| Chronic liver disease | 1,877 (1.8) | 2,780 (0.7) | < 0.001 | 672 (2.6) | 765 (3.0) | -2.19 | 0.013 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 29,389 (28.3) | 68,705 (16.0) | < 0.001 | 7,028 (27.3) | 7,365 (28.6) | -2.92 | 0.001 |
| Rheumatoid disease | 7,160 (6.9) | 12,023 (2.8) | < 0.001 | 1,857 (7.22) | 1,969 (7.7) | -1.66 | 0.060 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 377 (0.4) | 1,264 (0.3) | < 0.001 | 137 (0.5) | 144 (0.6) | -0.37 | 0.68 |
| Malignancy including solid cancer and hematologic malignancy | 4,717 (4.5) | 7,981 (1.9) | < 0.001 | 1,292 (5.0) | 1,463 (5.7) | -2.95 | 0.001 |
| Recipients of solid organ transplantation or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation | 115 (0.1) | 160 (0.0) | < 0.001 | 30 (0.1) | 22 (0.1) | -0.46 | 0.27 |
| Human immunodeficiency virus infection | 11 (0.0) | 40 (0.0) | 0.70 | 4 (0.0) | 2 (0.0) | 0.72 | 0.41 |
| Depression | 1,437 (1.4) | 2,197 (0.5) | < 0.001 | 308 (1.2) | 354 (1.4) | -1.59 | 0.072 |
Abbreviations: SD, Standardized differences;
NOTE. Data are no. (%) of positive patients unless indicated otherwise.