Table 3.

Bivariate and Multivariable GLMM With Accommodation of Matched Subjects^a Comparing Pre- to Post-CMS Policy Change on Odds for Fall Prevention Related Nursing Interventions and Medical Orders

Outcome	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted ORb (95% CI)
1. Bed alarm	1.898 (1.174, 3.069)	2.343 (1.409, 3.897)
2. Sitter	0.545 (0.250, 1.186)	0.677 (0.322, 1.425)
3. Any fall-related nursing interventionc	1.393 (0.938, 2.068)	1.667 (1.097, 2.534)
4. Order for physical restraints	0.856 (0.564, 1.299)	0.994 (0.629, 1.570)

Note. Reference = pre-CMS policy change and GLMM=Generalized Linear Mixed Model.

^aThe cases and controls in this study were matched based on environmental factors and GLMM analyses can accommodate for matching of study subjects. These analyses used a logit link function.

^bAdjusted for high fall risk score, admission hospital, age, race, gender, and medical conditions of dementia, hypertension, CHF, diabetes, and stroke.

^cAny fall-related nursing intervention includes if patient received a bed alarm, sitter, and/or room change.