Table 2.
Comparisons of pre- and postoperative measurements of spinal alignment, BMD, skeletal muscle mass, and clinical outcome
| Variable | Preoperative | Postoperative | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spinal alignment | |||
| Lumbar scoliosis (°) | 8.5±10.4 | 7.9±8.4 | 0.82 |
| Sagittal vertical axis (mm) | 46.2±30.5 | 37.6±24.3 | 0.28 |
| Thoracic kyphosis (°) | 22.8±9.7 | 21.0±8.7 | 0.47 |
| LL (°) | 38.2±14.5 | 39.4±13.9 | 0.75 |
| PI (°) | 49.2±10.9 | 51.4±12.3 | 0.75 |
| Pelvic tilt (°) | 25.1±8.2 | 24.5±9.0 | 0.8 |
| Sacral slope (°) | 27.6±9.9 | 29.0±10.1 | 0.62 |
| PI–LL (°) | 11.0±13.5 | 12.0±13.0 | 0.79 |
| BMD (g/cm2) | 0.96±0.09 | 0.97±0.09 | 0.65 |
| Skeletal muscle mass | |||
| SMI | 5.96±0.72 | 5.76±0.65 | 0.25 |
| Trunk SMI | 7.48±0.76 | 7.67±0.81 | 0.34 |
| Clinical outcome | |||
| Japanese Orthopedic Association score | 17.2±3.4 | 23.5±3.4 | 9.2×10-11 |
| Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire | 10.5±4.9 | 6.4±5.6 | 0.002 |
| Visual Analog Scale (low back pain) | 53.2±26.5 | 28.8±26.2 | 0.0004 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
BMD, bone mineral density; LL, lumbar lordosis; PI, pelvic incidence; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index.