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. 2018 Jun 14;8:9159. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27069-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of blocking fast sodium channels on the AP and excitation contraction coupling. Action potentials, (top panels), calcium transients (middle panels) and force profiles (bottom panels) produced by altering the maximum conductance of the fast sodium current in the model. From left to right the conductance of g_Na (A) 100%, (B) 74%, (C) 61%, (D) 57% and (E) 0% with a 10 second stimulus of −0.4 pA/pF applied.