Table 3.
Risk of bias of prophylactic setting studies
| Prophylactic setting | Selection bias | Performance bias | Detection bias | Attrition bias | Reporting bias | Remarks | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Design | AE subtype | Usable sample size | Randomization | Allocation concealment | Case description | Blinding patient and personnel | Intervention | Blinding outcome | Assessment outcome | Adverse events | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting | |
| Zazzali [53] | RCT | AE with wheals | 208 | +a | +a | na | +a | na | +a | na | na | + | + | a |
| Rijo Calderón [54] | Cohort | AE with wheals | 10 | na | na | +/− | na | +/− | na | +/− | + | na | na | |
| Cohort | Idiopathic | 4 | na | na | +/− | na | +/− | na | +/− | + | na | na | ||
| Mansi [19] | Cohort | Idiopathic | 44 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | + | + | + | b |
| Wintenberger [55] | Cohort | Idiopathic | 25 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | + | + | + | |
| Firinu [56] | Cohort | Idiopathic | 16 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | +/− | + | + | |
| Saule [57] | Cohort | Idiopathic | 20 | na | na | + | na | +/− | na | + | + | na | na | |
| Du-Thanh [58] | CS | Idiopathic | 25 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | + | na | na | |
| Cicardi [59] | CS | Idiopathic | 15 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | + | na | na | |
| Azofra [60] | CS | Idiopathic | 8 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | + | na | na | |
| Sands [61] | CS | Idiopathic | 3 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | − | na | na | |
| vd Elzen [62] | CS | AE with wheals | 3 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | +/− | na | na | |
| Groffik [63] | CS | AE with wheals | 2 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | +/− | na | na | |
| Büyüköztürk [64] | CS | AE with wheals | 1 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | + | na | na | |
| CS | Idiopathic | 2 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | + | na | na | ||
| Perez [65] | CS | Idiopathic | 2 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | + | na | na | |
| Ghazanfar [66] | CR | AE with wheals | 1 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | + | na | na | |
| Wieder [67] | CR | AE with wheals | 1 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | − | na | na | |
| Kutlu [68] | CR | AE with wheals | 1 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | − | na | na | |
| Ozturk [69] | CR | AE with wheals | 1 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | − | na | na | |
| Sánchez-Machín [70] | CR | AE with wheals | 1 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | + | na | na | |
| Korkmaz [71] | CR | AE with wheals | 1 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | − | na | na | |
| Stahl [43] | CR | Idiopathic | 1 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | − | na | na | b |
| von Websky [72] | CR | Idiopathic | 1 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | + | na | na | |
| Suna [73] | CR | Idiopathic | 1 | na | na | + | na | + | na | + | + | na | na | |
| Bayer [74] | CR | Idiopathic | 1 | na | na | + | na | +/− | na | − | − | na | na | |
| Vela Vizcaino [48] | CR | Idiopathic | 1 | na | na | + | na | + | na | +/− | − | na | na | b |
| Maggadottir [75] | CS | AE with wheals | 2 | na | na | +/− | na | +/− | na | +/− | − | na | na | Ineff. |
+: low risk of bias, − high risk of bias, +/− unclear risk of bias
AE angioedema, RCT randomized controlled trial, CS case series, CR case report, ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, na not applicable, Ineff. ineffective treatment described in the specific article
aStudy procedures described in separate articles
bSee also prophylactic setting table