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. 2018 Apr 9;44(3):325–334. doi: 10.1007/s00068-018-0954-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — Cell-free mitochondrial DNA in trauma. This figure shows the cellular response to tissue injury. a In the immediate area of injury, cf-mtDNA is release from injured cells. b Transport of cf-mtDNA occurs through circulation to remote areas resulting in end-organ injury. c Platelet concentrate infusions contain activated platelets with cf-mtDNA and increase the cf-mtDNA load. d Generation of ATP, ROS in combination with release of mitochondrial DAMPs activate immune cells and platelets to release inflammatory cytokines