Table 5.
Response frequencies (%) regarding diseases and self-rated health for three groups exposed to different levels of air pollution, and results from group comparisons
| Exposure level | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Medium | High | Chi2 | p value | |
| Chronic diseasesa | 4.53 | 0.34 | |||
| 0 | 216 (32.9) | 214 (32.6) | 226 (34.5) | ||
| 1 | 101 (33.2) | 108 (35.5) | 95 (31.3) | ||
| ≥2 | 17 (42.5) | 8 (20.9) | 15 (37.5) | ||
| Arthritisb | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (100) | 7.95 | < 0.001 |
| CVD (any heart disease, high blood pressure or both)b | 109 (34.9) | 105 (33.7) | 98 (31.4) | 1.02 | 0.60 |
| Any heart disease | 40 (33.3) | 38 (31.7) | 42 (35.0) | 0.18 | 0.92 |
| High blood pressure | 97 (34.4) | 94 (33.3) | 91 (32.3) | 0.32 | 0.85 |
| COPDb | 11 (44.0) | 5 (20.0) | 9 (36.0) | 2.2 | 0.33 |
| Asthmab | 12 (37.5) | 9 (28.1) | 11 (34.4) | 0.4 | 0.81 |
| Diabetesb | 6 (42.9) | 5 (35.7) | 3 (21.4) | 1.04 | 0.59 |
| Self-rated healthc (values 1–2) | 159 (32.8) | 155 (32.0) | 171 (35.3) | 1.19 | 0.55 |
aCompound index of a respondent’s diagnosed diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis
bRepresenting diseases in the path analysis
cRespondents who rated 1–2 on a 5-point scale, ranging from very good (1) to very poor (5)