Table 1.
Comparison of characteristics between cases (primary and secondary syphilis) in non-cluster and cluster areas, defined by all three spatiotemporal methods.
| N (n = 17691) | non-cluster (n = 15723) | cluster (n = 1968) | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis# | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| freq | % | freq | % | OR | 95%C.I. | aOR | 95%C.I. | ||
| Socio-demographics | |||||||||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Female | 7538 | 6685 | 43% | 853 | 43% | ref | |||
| Male | 10153 | 9038 | 57% | 1115 | 57% | 0.97 | 0.88 to 1.06 | ||
| Age category | |||||||||
| <=25 | 2889 | 2680 | 17% | 209 | 11% | 0.38 | 0.32 to 0.45* | ||
| 26–40 | 6132 | 5500 | 35% | 632 | 32% | 0.56 | 0.49 to 0.63* | ||
| 41–60 | 5358 | 4796 | 31% | 562 | 29% | 0.57 | 0.5 to 0.65* | ||
| >60 | 3312 | 2747 | 17% | 565 | 29% | ref | |||
| Residential county | |||||||||
| Rural | 3167 | 2720 | 17% | 447 | 23% | 1.41 | 1.25 to 1.56* | 5.29 | 4.17 to 6.70* |
| Urban | 14524 | 13003 | 83% | 1521 | 77% | ref | |||
| Diagnosed in the same or adjacent county | 15755 | 14067 | 89% | 1688 | 86% | 0.71 | 0.62 to 0.81* | 0.31 | 0.25 to 0.39* |
| Sites for screening test | |||||||||
| STD clinic | 1714 | 1585 | 36% | 129 | 47% | 1.20 | 0.81 to 1.77 | 1.70 | 1.14 to 2.55* |
| VCT sites or CBOs | 278 | 217 | 5% | 61 | 22% | 4.13 | 2.64 to 6.47* | 4.66 | 2.95 to 7.34* |
| Hospitals^ | 2128 | 2076 | 47% | 52 | 19% | 0.37 | 0.24 to 0.57* | 0.43 | 0.27 to 0.68* |
| Institutes& | 534 | 500 | 11% | 34 | 12% | ref | |||
OR – odds ratio; aOR – adjusted odds ratio; C.I. – confidence interval; IQR – interquartile range; VCT – voluntary counseling and testing; STD – sexually transmitted diseases
#adjusted by age group and male gender in multivariable logistic regression model
^routine syphilis screening test in hospitals for non-STD patients or pre-surgery patients
&routine syphilis screening test in institutes for immigrant, prisoner (male and female), drug uses in drug rehabilitation, blood recipient, blood donor, blood seller, new army recruits, and staff in entertainment sites.
*p-value < 0.05.