Table 1.

Incidence of late cerebrovascular events^* after surgery in the literature of pediatric moyamoya disease, stratified by population size and length of follow-up

Size†	F/u length‡	Authors	Treatment	No. of cases	Mean F/u period (years)	F/u rate (%)	No. of late ischemic strokes (%)	No. of late hemorrhagic strokes (%)	Overall incidence of stroke (% per year)
Large	Extremely-long	Mukawa et al.6)	Indirect	172	14.3	83	3 (1.7)	3 (1.7)	0.24
		Funaki et al.8)§	Direct (combined)	58	18.1	96.6	1 (1.7)	3 (5.2)	0.41
		Imaizumi et al.4)	Various	25	18.8	80.6	1 (4.0)	3 (12.0)	0.85
Large	Long	Bao et al.9)	Indirect	288	4.4	N/A	8 (2.8)	2 (0.7)	9.00‖
		Scott et al.16)	Indirect	126	5.1	99.2	4 (3.2)	0	NA
		Kuroda et al.10)	Direct (combined)	28	6.1	N/A	0	0	0
		Rashad et al.14)	Direct (combined)	23	6.4	95.7	0	0	0
Small	Extremely-long	Isono et al.18)	Indirect	11	12.8	N/A	0	0	0
		Goda et al.17)	Indirect	6	15.2	N/A	0	0	0
Small	Long	Darvish et al.15)	Various	16	7.3	N/A	1 (6.3)	0	N/A

^*Excludes perioperative strokes,

^†“Large” indicates number of patients exceeds 20,

^‡“Extremely long” indicates a mean F/u period exceeding 10 years,

^§The authors’ group,

^‖Includes perioperative strokes.