Table 2.

Risk factors associated with unfavorable social or functional outcome in pediatric moyamoya disease

Type	Factor
Unchangeable risk factors	Preoperative neurological impairment4,5,32)* Preoperative major stroke/infarct2,7,30)*
Indicator of early surgical intervention	Onset at younger age2,4) Posterior cerebral artery involvement7)* Homozygous RNF213 p.R4810K variant29)
Changeable risk factors	Longer duration after onset without surgery31) Small craniotomy12)*

^*Statistically significant in multivariate analyses.