Table 1.
Shown for selected age-sex groups in childhood are values of acoustic measures for vowel production: range of F1 frequency (Hz), range of F2 frequency (Hz), range of F3 frequency (Hz); vowel space area (kHz2), and mean f0. The values are approximate and are intended as a heuristic for formant estimation. The data sources are: F1, F2 and F3 frequency ranges (S.Lee et al., 1999; Vorperian & Kent, 2007); vowel space area
| Age-sex Group | F1 range (Hz) | F2 range (Hz) | F3 range (Hz) | Vowel space area (kHz2) | Mean f0 (Hz) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-year-old children, both sexes | 400-1000 | 1500-3500 | No data | 300 | |
| 4-year-old children, both sexes | 480-1200 | 1700-3600 | 3400-4300 | 573a | 280 |
| 6-year-old children, both sexes | 350-1200 | 1500-3200 | 3300-3700 | 639a 633b |
260 |
| 12-year-old boys | 325-900 | 1300-2700 | 2700-3300 | 374a 406b |
230 |
| 12-year-old girls | 375-950 | 1600-3000 | 3000-3500 | 349a 408b |
230 |
| 14-year-old boys | 325-850 | 1300-2700 | 2700-3300 | 346a 344b |
180 |
| 14-year-old girls | 400-900 | 1600-2700 | 2800-3300 | 298a 295b |
230 |
| 16-year-old boys | 300-750 | 1250-2300 | 2300-3000 | 240a 264b |
130 |
| 16-year-old girls | 400-950 | 1800-2800 | 2800-3300 | 313a 334b |
230 |
| 18-year-old boys | 270-750 | 900-2300 | 2300-3000 | 318a 330b |
130 |
| 18-year-old girls | 350-900 | 1300-2800 | 2700-3400 | 335a 352b |
230 |
b
Flipsen & Lee, 2013), mean f0 (Kent, 1994; Hunter, 2009; Lee et al., 1999; Robb & Saxman, 1985; Vorperian & Kent, 2007)