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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Eat Disord. 2018 Mar 8;51(6):483–502. doi: 10.1002/eat.22854
Author(s), year Sample size Sample gender Mean age Primary ethnic group Primary sexual orientation Mean BMI Country of origin Sample type Measurement of SO Measurement of DE Publication type Effect size (r)
Augustus-Horvath & Tylka, 2009
 18–24 y/o 329 Female 19.90 Caucasian N/A 24.13 USA College, Community OBCS-BS Global Journal .54
 25–68 y/o 330 Female 29.74 Caucasian N/A 26.74 USA College, Community OBCS-BS Global Journal .55
Calogero, 2009
 Females 139 Female N/A Caucasian N/A N/A England College OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal .21
 Males 113 Male N/A Caucasian N/A N/A England College OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal −.01
Calogero, 2004 104 Female N/A Caucasian N/A 21.71 USA College SOQ AN Journal .40
Calogero, Davis, & Thompson, 2005 209 Female 22.90 Caucasian N/A 19.70 USA Clinical-ED SOQ AN Journal .38
Calogero & Pina, 2011
 Study 1 225 Female 21.60 Caucasian Heterosexual 21.92 England College OBCS-BS AN Journal .28
 Study 2 80 Female 21.89 Caucasian Heterosexual 22.01 England College OBCS-BS AN Journal .35
Calogero & Thompson, 2009
 Study 1 104 Female 18.63 Caucasian N/A 21.71 USA College OBCS-BS Global Journal .67
 Study 2 111 Female 22.00 N/A N/A 21.89 England College OBCS-BS Global Journal .50
Choma, Shove, Busseri, Sandava, & Hosker, 2009 104 Female 19.12 Caucasian N/A 23.60 Canada College SOQ Global Journal .23
Clarke, Murnen, & Smolak, 2010 98 Female N/A Caucasian N/A N/A USA College OBCS-BS AN Journal .64
Cottingham, 2008 161 Female 19.83 Caucasian N/A N/A USA College SOQ Global Dissertation .46
Daubenmier, 2005
 Study 1 139 Female 37.16 Caucasian N/A N/A USA Community SOQ Global Journal .40
 Study 2 133 Female 20.46 Asian N/A 22.1 USA College SOQ Global Journal .42
Eshkevari, Rieger, Longo, Haggard, & Treasure, 2012
 Clinical 78 Female 23.50 N/A N/A 18.50 England Clinical-ED SOQ Global Journal .28
 Healthy Control 61 Female 24.00 N/A N/A 21.50 England College, Community SOQ Global Journal .24
Funk, 2008 202 Female 20.10 Caucasian N/A 21.83 USA College SOQ Global Dissertation .30
Gianini, 2012 204 Female 19.44 Caucasian N/A 23.55 USA College OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Dissertation .44
Greenleaf, 2005
 College 200 Female 20.96 Caucasian N/A 22.98 USA College OBCS-BS Global Journal .57
 Community 194 Female 48.95 Caucasian N/A 25.16 USA Community OBCS-BS Global Journal .33
Greenleaf & McGreer, 2006 185 Female 20.52 Caucasian N/A 23.05 USA College OBOBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal .38
Grupski, 2010 539 Female 20.43 Caucasian Heterosexual 23.16 USA College SOQ AN Dissertation .43
Haines, Erchull, Liss, Turner, Nelson, Ramsey, & Hurt, 2008 126 Female 35.12 Caucasian Homosexual N/A USA Community OBCS-BS Global Journal .38
Hallsworth, Wade, Tiggemann, 2005 83 Male 27.59 N/A N/A 35.79 Australia College, Community OBCS-BS, SOQ BN Journal .20
Harrison & Fredrickson, 2003 374 Female 13.40 African American N/A N/A USA Community SOQ Global Journal .35
Kaplan, 2012 125 Female 19.86 Caucasian N/A 22.78 USA College SOQ BN Dissertation .43
Kaptein, 2008 263 Female 21.40 Caucasian N/A 22.53 Canada College OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Dissertation .53
Kelly, Mitchell, Gow, Trace, Lydecker, Bair, & Mazzeo, 2012
 African American 741 Female N/A African American N/A N/A USA College OBCS-BS Global Journal .34
 Caucasian 1467 Female N/A Caucasian N/A N/A USA College OBCS-BS Global Journal .50
Kittler, 2003 328 Female 18.70 Caucasian N/A 22.10 USA College OBCS-BS, SOQ composite Global Dissertation .49
Langdon & Petracca, 2010 77 Female 22.91 Caucasian N/A N/A USA Community SOQ AN Journal .25
Lindner, Tantleff-Dunn, & Jentsch, 2012 549 Female 19.78 Caucasian Heterosexual 23.23 USA College OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal .29
Lyders, 1999
 Heterosexual female 40 Female 37.18 Caucasian Heterosexual 24.57 USA Community OBCS-BS Global Journal .52
 Heterosexual male 40 Male 37.00 Caucasian Heterosexual 26.44 USA Community OBCS-BS Global Journal .19
 Homosexual female 40 Female 35.43 Caucasian Homosexual 25.75 USA Community OBCS-BS Global Journal .37
 Homosexual male 40 Male 35.75 Caucasian Homosexual 25.03 USA Community OBCS-BS Global Journal .50
Martins, Tiggemann, & Kirkbridge, 2007
 Heterosexual male 103 Male 27.59 N/A Heterosexual 25.38 Australia College, Community OBCS-BS, SOQ AN Journal .25
 Homosexual male 98 Male 27.61 N/A Homosexual 24.54 Australia College, Community OBCS-BS, SOQ AN Journal .35
Mitchell, 2009 893 Female 19.09 Caucasian N/A 23.96 USA College OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Dissertation .40
Moret, 1999 74 Female 28.04 Caucasian N/A N/A USA Clinical-General OBCS-BS Global Dissertation .57
Morrison & Sheahan, 2009
 College 140 Female 20.42 N/A N/A 21.93 Ireland College OBCS-BS Global Journal .47
 Community 76 Female 23.61 N/A N/A 22.28 Ireland Community OBCS-BS Global Journal .73
Morry & Staska, 2001
 Females 89 Female 18.80 N/A N/A N/A Canada College SOQ Global Journal .40
 Males 61 Male 19.80 N/A N/A N/A Canada College SOQ Global Journal .17
Muehlenkamp & Saris-Baglama, 2002 396 Female 19.50 Caucasian N/A N/A USA College OBCS-BS Global Journal .44
Mussap, 2009 189 Female 27.34 N/A N/A 23.59 Australia Community SOQ AN Journal .15
Myers & Crowther, 2008 195 Female 19.60 Caucasian N/A 23.30 USA College SOQ Global Journal .24
Noffsinger-Frazier, 2004 345 Female 30.52 Caucasian Heterosexual 25.90 USA, Canada Community OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Dissertation .40
Noll & Fredrickson, 1998
 Study 1 93 Female 18.80 Caucasian N/A 21.40 USA College SOQ Global Journal .40
 Study 2 111 Female 18.30 Caucasian N/A 22.10 USA College SOQ Global Journal .30
Oehlhof, 2012
 Normal weight 212 Female 19.17 Caucasian N/A 21.02 USA College SOQ Global Dissertation .24
 Overweight 201 Female 19.71 Caucasian N/A 30.69 USA College SOQ Global Dissertation .27
Peat & Muehlenkamp, 2011 214 Female 20.09 Caucasian N/A 23.24 USA College SOQ Global Journal .29
Prichard & Tiggemann, 2008 571 Female 35.99 N/A N/A 23.80 Australia Community SOQ Global Journal .39
Prichard & Tiggemann, 2005 157 Female 32.15 N/A N/A 22.63 Australia Community OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal .43
Rolnik, Engeln-Maddox, & Miller, 2010 127 Female 18.14 Caucasian N/A N/A USA College OBCS-BS Global Journal .54
Serpa, 2005
 Heterosexual male 96 Male 33.97 Caucasian Heterosexual N/A USA Community OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal .11
 Homosexual male 96 Male 37.45 Caucasian Homosexual N/A USA Community OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal .21
Slater & Tiggemann, 2002
 Dancer 38 Female 14.50 Caucasian N/A 18.60 Australia Community OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal .51
 Non-dancer 45 Female 14.10 Caucasian N/A 20.50 Australia Community OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal .62
Slater & Tiggemann, 2012 141 Female 14.45 Caucasian N/A N/A Australia Community SOQ Global Journal .35
Smolak & Murnen, 2011
 Females 148 Female N/A Caucasian N/A N/A USA College OBCS-BS AN Journal .49
 Males 76 Male N/A Caucasian N/A N/A USA College OBCS-BS AN Journal .38
Tiggemann & Kuring, 2004
 Females 171 Female 21.92 N/A N/A N/A Australia College OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal .45
 Males 115 Male 22.43 N/A N/A N/A Australia College OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal .13
Tiggemann & Lynch, 2001 332 Female 45.02 N/A N/A 25.37 Australia Community OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal .35
Tiggemann & Slater, 2001
 Dancer 50 Female 20.30 N/A N/A 21.50 Australia College, Community OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal .55
 Non-dancer 51 Female 19.40 N/A N/A 22.70 Australia College, Community OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal .44
Tiggemann & Williams, 2012 146 Female 20.40 Caucasian N/A 23.61 Australia College OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Journal .36
Tylka & Hill, 2004 460 Female 21.40 Caucasian N/A N/A USA College OBCS-BS Global Journal .56
Van Diest & Perez, 2013 177 Female 19.25 Caucasian N/A 21.28 USA College SOQ Global Journal .42
Woolley, 2009 395 Female N/A Caucasian Heterosexual N/A USA College, Community OBCS-BS, SOQ Global Dissertation .29