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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2018 May 3;9(4):e1477. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1477

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Structure, function, and small molecule binders of G-quadruplexes. (a) Nucleotide composition and base-pairing interactions in an RNA G-quadruplex and stacking of multiple G-quadruplexes. Adapted from Maiti et al.111 (b) Regulation of cap-dependent and independent translation by G-quadruplexes. Adapted from Balasubramanian et al.109 (c) Examples of small molecule stabilizers of G-quadruplexes in 5′-UTRs. Abbreviations: M+, monovalent metal cation; m7G, 7-methylguanylate; IRES, internal ribosomal entry site; NRAS, Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog; KRAS, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; ss, splice site; Bcl-X, B-cell lymphoma-extra.