Table 3.

Bivariate linear regression models for HIV-related stigma and relevant covariates among rural PLWHA, Henan Province, China, 2014 (n = 239)

Variable	Total Stigma Score	Personalized Stigma	Disclosure Concern	Negative Self-Image	Concern With Public Attitudes
	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)
Female	−1.09 (−4.24,2.07)	− 1.00 (− 2.60,0.60)	− 0.17 (− 1.06,0.72)	−0.28 (− 1.30,0.73)	−0.35 (− 2.22,1.51)
Increasing age	− 0.53 (− 0.75,-0.31)⌘	−0.26 (− 0.37,-0.15)⌘	−0.14 (− 0.20,-0.07)⌘	−0.13 (− 0.20,-0.06)⌘	− 0.30 (− 0.43,-0.17)⌘
Increasing education level	4.40 (1.02,7.78)§	1.93 (0.20,3.66)§	1.82 (0.89,2.76)⌘	0.83 (− 0.27,1.93)*	2.50 (0.50,4.50)§
Living with spouse	5.34 (1.47,9.22)¶	3.02 (1.05,4.99)¶	0.90 (− 0.20,2.01)*	1.69 (0.43,2.94)¶	3.72 (1.44,6.00)⌘
Increasing yearly income	1.35 (− 2.00,4.70)	0.50 (− 1.21,2.20)	0.72 (− 0.22,1.66)*	0.01 (− 1.07,1.09)	0.80 (− 1.18,2.77)
Years since HIV diagnosis	−0.43 (− 0.91,0.05)*	−0.11 (− 0.36,0.14)	−0.13 (− 0.27,0.01)*	−0.15 (− 0.30,0.01)*	−0.27 (− 0.55,0.02)*
Opportunistic infection	4.54 (− 0.68, 9.76)*	1.12 (− 1.55, 3.79)	1.58 (0.12, 3.05)§	1.75 (0.07, 3.42)§	2.07 (− 1.02, 5.16)*
Current ART treatment	1.97 (−8.11,12.04)	2.91(− 2.21,8.04)	−0.25(− 3.09,2.59)	−0.10(− 3.35,3.15)	2.08(− 3.87,8.04)
Better self-rated health status	−1.18 (− 4.22,1.85)	−0.39 (− 1.93,1.16)	−0.32 (− 1.17,0.54)	0.12 (− 0.86,1.10)	−0.67 (− 2.47,1.12)
Disclosed HIV status	−15.61 (− 29.64,-1.59)§	−8.78 (− 15.91,-1.65)§	−2.96 (− 6.94,1.01)*	−3.62 (− 8.16,0.93)*	−9.65 (− 17.93,-1.37)§

*p ≤ 0.2, §p < 0.05, ¶p < 0.01, ⌘p < 0.001

N.B.: A negative stigma score indicates less stigma. PLWHA People Living with HIV/AIDS

Opportunistic infection:History of at least one opportunistic infection (self-reported)