Table 2.
Usual intake from foods and beverages, excluding supplements, estimated using repeated 24-h recalls in 312 women and repeated in a sub-sample of 107 women, and percentage of women with usual intake below Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
| Estimated Daily Usual Intakeb | South Africa | Zimbabwe | EARa | % women with intakes below EAR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 224 | n = 88 | South Africa | Zimbabwe | ||
| Energy (kcal) | 1765.6 (346.6) | 1827.9 (303.9) | NAc | NA | NA |
| EER Estimated Energy Requirement (%) | 0.88 (0.20) | 0.93 (0.14) | 0.8 | 37.7 | 19.1 |
| Protein (g) | 54.7 (7.8) | 52.9 (25.8) d | NA | NA | NA |
| Protein (g/kg) | 0.82 (0.43) | 0.79 (0.04) | 0.88 | 71.1 | 98.3 |
| Carbohydrates (g) | 230.8 (57.5) | 213.6 (22.3) | 135 | 02.9 | 0.00 |
| Total Sugars (g) | 45.4 (19.4) | 35.4 (10.7) | NA | NA | NA |
| Fats (g) | 59.1 (6.4) | 76.4 (24.8) | NA | NA | NA |
| Calcium (mg) | 441.0 (97.7) | 360.5 (171.4) | 800 | 99.9 | 97.6 |
| Iron (mg) | 9.9 (5.3) | 7.9 (1.7) | 22 | 96.9 | 100.0 |
| Folate (mcg) | 253.2 (69.1) | 240.6 (46.2) | 520 | 99.9 | 100.0 |
| Mg (mg) | 239.6 (51.1) | 262.5 (38.8) | 290 | 83.9 | 77.3 |
| Zn (mg) | 7.3 (1.7) | 6.4 (1.6) | 9.5 | 90.4 | 95.7 |
| Se (mcg) | 37.9 (4.3) | 37.5 (11.8) | 49 | 99.1 | 83.7 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 1.3 (0.6) | 0.8 (0.5) | 1.2 | 54.0 | 84.0 |
| Niacin (mg) | 13.0 (3.8) | 13.0 (3.7) | 14 | 63.8 | 64.9 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 82.4 (45.1) | 109.80 (41.8) | 70 | 46.6 | 15.6 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 10.1 (3.8) | 26.4 (9.1) | 12 | 73.5 | 03.7 |
aEAR Estimated average requirement
bUsual intake was obtained using the IOWA methodology
cNA not applicable)
dThis value represents the mean of the first interview