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. 2018 Jun 15;15:17. doi: 10.1186/s12987-018-0103-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Hypothetical perivascular and paravascular flow pathways in an artery. Paravascular flow moves inward to the brain tissue between astrocyte end feet and pia mater. Perivascular flow moves outward from the brain tissue in basement membranes between SMCs