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. 2018 Jun 12;10:89–100. doi: 10.2147/BCTT.S144202

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© 2018 Cook. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Luteolin-mediated extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis in breast cancer.

Notes: Illustration abridging the involvement of luteolin (green) in purposed apoptotic pathways. Luteolin sensitized the DR, activated caspase 8, and induced caspase 3-mediated apoptosis. Decreased FAS activity directly or indirectly by luteolin leads to apoptosis through an unknown mechanism. Inhibition of Akt or ERK leads to increased activity in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Circumstantially, luteolin acts as an antioxidant or drives ROS-mediated apoptosis. Intracellular proteins color-coded as protein kinases (blue), TCFs (gray), and other proteins (brown). Dashed line represents possible luteolin interaction.

Abbreviations: DR, death receptor; Lu, luteolin; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TCFs, transcription factors.