Table 1.
Effect of luteolin on breast cancer at a glance
| Cell line | Target | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-231* | VEGF/VEGFR-2 | Decreased VEGF, cell migration, lung-nodule formation | 14 |
| MDA-MB-231, MCF7 | Notch1, VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9 | Reduced invasion potential, Notch1, VEGF, and MMPs | 15 |
| T47D, BT-474 | VEGF | Suppressed progestin-induced VEGF, blood vessel, stem-like properties, and tumorigenicity | 16 |
| MDA-MB-231, BT549 | Wnt/β-catenin | Decreased β-catenin, Snail, Slug, vimentin, N-cadherin, and lung-tumor nodules | 18 |
| MCF7 | MMP-9, IL-8, ERK | Decreased TPA-induced migration and invasion, MMP-9, IL-8, and ERK, NF-κB, and c-Jun activity | 27 |
| MCF7 | AEG-1, MMP-2 | Decreased cell migration and AEG-1 and MMP-2 protein levels | 29 |
| MDA-MB-231, SUM-149 | RSK/YB1, Notch4 | Inhibited RSK, Notch4, pGSK-3β, and YB-1 activation | 39 |
| MDA-MB-231 | EGFR/MAPK | Decreased Akt, PLK1, cyclin B1, cyclin A, CDK2, Bcl-xL, and EGF-induced pEGFR; increased p21 and Bax | 61 |
| MCF7* | p21, p38, p53, cyclin D1 | Induced p21, p38, and p53; reduced cyclin D1 | 62 |
| MDA-MB-453 | HER2, Akt, S6K | Decreased HER2 and p21, upregulated p27; increased p21, transient suppression of Akt except at highest dose | 63 |
| MDA-MB-453 | HER2 | Decreased HER2/neu protein expression | 74 |
| MCF7 | DR5, Bcl-2 | Enhanced DR5 and caspase 8/9/3, inactivated PARP, increased Bax, and inhibited Bcl-2 | 76 |
| MCF7 | EGFR | Suppressed EGF-induced pEGFR, Akt, pErk1/2, pSTAT3 | 84 |
| MDA-MB-231 | STAT3 | Paclitaxel combined therapy increased apoptosis, inhibited STAT3, increased FAS expression | 87 |
| MCF7 | IGFR, Akt, ERα | Decreased IGF-induced pIGFR, Akt, and ERα, but not ERK; silencing ERα mitigated effects. | 91 |
| MCF7 | PKL1 | E2 combination therapy blocked PKL1 expression | 96 |
| MCF7 | Akt | Reduced doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity, increased Akt and Bcl-2 protein expression | 98 |
| MDA-MB-231, HS-578T, MCF7 | Akt, p53, FOXO | Increased p53 and cytochrome C; cleaved PARP, nFOXO3a, p21, and p27; inhibited cell migration, pAkt, and cFOXO3a | 101 |
| MDA-MB-231 | p53 | Decreased Bcl-2 mRNA expression and increased p53 | 102 |
| MDA-MB-231, MCF7 | Akt | Increased apoptosis, decreased Akt | 105 |
| MDA-MB-231 | FAS | ↓ FAS and cell viability | 109 |
| MDA-MB-231 | nAChR, AKT, ERK, NFκB | Decreased nicotine-induced α9-nAChR, AKT, ERK, and NF-κB-induced α9-nAChR luciferase activity | 117 |
| MDA-MB-231, MCF7 | Cyclin E2 | Reestablished tamoxifen efficacy; reduced cyclin E2 | 119 |
| MCF7* | MRP | GSX pump inhibition | 120 |
| MDA-MB-231 | cMet | Decreased cMet levels | 121 |
| MCF7, SKBR3, MDA-MB-231 | AIF, ERK, p38 | Increased ERK, p38 protein, and caspase 3; cleaved PARP; decreased AIF nuclear localization | 122 |
| MCF7 | Glycolysis | Reversed hypoxia-induced doxorubicin resistance | 123 |
Note:
*
Variant cell line.