Table 3.
Trends in Access to Services by Legal Status in 10 Indian States with the Largest Slum Populations
| Service | Category of slum | 1993 Estimated N (%)a |
2002 Estimated N (%)a |
2008–09 Estimated N (%)a |
2012 Estimated N (%)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lack of piped water | Notified | 6,881 (37.3) | 3,503 (14.3) | 4,111 (18.0) | 1,805 (16.2) |
| Non-notified | 9,216 (30.2) | 5,762 (26.4) | 4,518 (20.3) | 5,873 (33.6) | |
| All | 16,097 (32.9) | 9,265 (20.0) | 8,629 (19.1) | 7,678 (26.8) | |
| Lack of septic, flush, or pour flush toilet | Notified | 11,357 (61.6) | 8,026 (32.8) | 7,324 (32.1) | 3,090 (27.7) |
| Non-notified | 19,088 (62.6) | 13,582 (62.3) | 11,253 (50.7) | 9,963(57.0) | |
| All | 30,445 (62.2) | 21,608 (46.7) | 18,577 (41.2) | 13,054 (45.6) | |
| Lack of sewer infrastructure | Notified | 14,572 (79.1) | 16,925 (69.2) | 14,835 (64.9) | 5,995 (53.8) |
| Non-notified | 25,933 (85.0) | 18,265 (83.8) | 17,940 (80.8) | 14,350 (82.0) | |
| All | 40,506 (82.8) | 35,190 (76.0) | 32,775 (72.7) | 20,345 (71.0) | |
| Lack of solid waste disposal | Notified | 4,764 (25.9) | 4,714 (19.3) | 5,164 (22.6) | 1,981 (17.8) |
| Non-notified | 16,502 (54.1) | 11,642 (53.4) | 9,458 (42.6) | 8,459 (48.4) | |
| All | 21,265 (43.5) | 16,356 (35.3) | 14,621 (32.4) | 10,441 (36.5) | |
| Lack of underground or covered drainage | Notified | 15,105 (82.0) | 17,875 (73.0) | 13,367 (58.5) | 7,129 (64.0) |
| Non-notified | 27,052 (88.7) | 18,632 (85.4) | 16,603 (74.7) | 13,603 (77.8) | |
| All | 42,158 (86.2) | 36,507 (78.9) | 29,971 (66.5) | 20,732 (72.4) | |
| Slum faces waterlogging | Notified | 5,638 (30.6) | 5,783 (23.6) | 7,545 (33.0) | 3,988 (35.8) |
| Non-notified | 15,377 (50.4) | 10,301 (47.2) | 9,658 (43.5) | 7,477 (42.7) | |
| All | 21,015 (43.0) | 16,084 (34.8) | 17,202 (38.2) | 11,465 (40.0) | |
| Lack of electricity for household use | Notified | 7,571 (41.1) | 1,033 (4.2) | 1,468 (6.4) | 312 (2.8) |
| Non-notified | 10,268 (33.7) | 3,792 (17.4) | 4,209 (19.0) | 3,233 (18.5) | |
| All | 17,839 (36.5) | 4,825 (10.4) | 5,677 (12.6) | 3,546 (12.4) | |
| Lack of motorable or cartable roads within the slum | Notified | 7,038 (38.2) | 6,779 (27.7) | 4,927 (21.6) | 1,808 (16.2) |
| Non-notified | 18,508 (60.7) | 12,760 (58.5) | 8,944 (40.3) | 7,184 (41.1) | |
| All | 25,546 (52.2) | 19,540 (42.2) | 13,871 (30.8) | 8,992 (31.4) | |
| Lack of motorable or cartable approach road | Notified | 1,325 (7.2) | 4,097 (16.7) | 5,485 (24.0) | 1,897 (17.0) |
| Non-notified | 6,432 (21.1) | 6,573 (30.1) | 6,783 (30.5) | 3,862 (22.1) | |
| All | 7,748 (15.8) | 10,670 (23.1) | 12,268 (27.2) | 5,759 (20.1) | |
| No school within 1 km | Notified | 837 (4.5) | 1,709 (7.0) | 2,540 (11.1) | 937 (8.4) |
| Non-notified | 3,433 (11.3) | 1,886 (8.6) | 2,990 (13.5) | 1,870 (10.7) | |
| All | 4,270 (8.7) | 3,595 (7.8) | 5,530 (12.3) | 2,807 (9.8) | |
| No health center within 1 km | Notified | 3,580 (19.4) | 12,777 (52.2) | 10,437 (45.7) | 5,427 (48.7) |
| Non-notified | 13,176 (43.2) | 11,187 (51.3) | 12,576 (56.6) | 9,089 (52.0) | |
| All | 16,757 (34.3) | 23,964 (51.8) | 23,013 (51.1) | 14,516 (50.7) |
a
Represents the estimated number and percent of slums lacking access to each service within each slum category (i.e., notified, non-notified, or all slums). For example, 6,881 notified slums in 1993 lacked piped water access, which is 37.3% of all 18,423 notified slums in 1993.