Testis histology and HMGA2 expression in control and age-matched HMGA2−/−Stra8 testis. (A) Testis from control and HMGA2−/−Stra8 pigs at postnatal D4 and 4 mo of age. At D4, cell structure and arrangement of seminiferous tubules was the same as in age-matched HMGA2+/+ testis. However, at 4 mo, none of seminiferous tubules in the cryptorchid HMGA2−/−Stra8 testis showed germ-cell differentiation, while a few tubules in HMGA2+/+ testis showed evidence of spermatogenesis. (Scale bars: 100 μm.) (B) Testes from an HMGA2−/+ boar at 9 mo of age compared with the testis of an age-matched HMGA2+/+ boar, both showing evidence of spermatogenesis. (C) RT-PCR analysis of 4-mo HMGA2−/−Stra8 and age-matched HMGA2+/+ testis. Lanes: 1, GAPDH; 2, transgenic β-geo; 3, endogenous HMGA2 partial CDS (detects only endogenous HMGA2); 4, pig STRA8 CDS; 5, transgenic HMGA2 (detects only mStra8-driven HMGA2); and 6, HMGA2 full-length CDS (detects both endogenous and transgenic HMGA2). Results support inactivation of the endogenous HMGA2 and expression of the transgenic HMGA2 driven by the mStra8 promoter in the HMGA2−/−Stra8 testis.