Fig. 3. SI-ATRP of HEMA at 25 °C with different relative monomer concentrations and 100% relative catalyst concentration, studied by recording the frequency change in real time using QCM. The dry thickness (error bars within the range of 0.1 to 0.5 nm) of the polymer brushes measured ex situ by ellipsometry at different times are overlaid with the ΔF–t plots in the corresponding colours.
