Figure 9. CTS suppressed integrin β1 promoter activity through Smad3.
(A) Luciferase assay of integrin β1 promoter activity was measured 24 h after transfection. (B) Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis for Smad3 binding to the core region sequence on integrin β1 promoter. After treating NRK52E cells with or without TGF-β1 for 12 h, PCR was performed to determine the core binding element on integrin β1 promoter. *P < 0.05 vs. PGL3-integrin β1 plus pc DNA 3.1 (+) group; #P < 0.05 vs. the former group.