FIGURE 2.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Mean KCCQ-os Score Disparities by Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status

Candidate variables considered for multivariate analyses were age, sex, race, BMI, insurance status, highest level of education, house income, employment status, diabetes mellitus, CKD, COPD, depression, tobacco use/smoking, atrial fibrillation, CAD, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, CRT, number of prior HF hospitalizations, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, LVEF, ACEi/ARB, beta-blocker, MRA, ARNI, loop diuretic agent, hydralazine, digoxin, ivabradine, inotrope, and number of HF medications. Variables included in multivariate analysis after backward selection were age, sex, race, BMI, house income, employment status, CKD, COPD, depression, atrial fibrillation, number of prior HF hospitalizations, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, LVEF, ARNI, loop diuretic therapy, ivabradine, and inotrope. Reference category for sex was male. Reference category for race/ethnicity was white. Reference category for total household income was <$25,000 (annually). ACEi/ARB = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI = angiotensin-receptor neprilysin inhibitor; BMI = body mass index; CAD = coronary artery disease; CKD = chronic kidney disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT = cardiac resynchronization therapy; HF = heart failure; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA = mineralocorticoid antagonist; other abbreviations as in Tables 1 and 2.