TABLE 1.
Distribution of Patient Characteristics (N = 3,494)
| Age, yrs | 68.0 (59.0, 75.0) |
| <40 | 111 (3.2) |
| 40–64 | 1,307 (37.4) |
| 65–80 | 1,638 (46.9) |
| >80 | 438 (12.5) |
|
| |
| Male | 2,473 (70.8) |
|
| |
| White | 2,616 (74.9) |
|
| |
| Black | 572 (16.4) |
|
| |
| Hispanic | 589 (16.9) |
|
| |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.2 (25.5, 33 |
|
| |
| Insurance status | |
| Managed care | 574 (16.4) |
| Private insurance | 330 (9.4) |
| Medicare | 2,038 (58.3) |
| Medicaid | 317 (9.1) |
|
| |
| Highest level of education | |
| Less than high school | 425 (12.2) |
| High school | 1,187 (34.0) |
| Some college | 1,094 (31.3) |
| 4–yr college | 440 (12.6) |
| Graduate or other professional degree | 348 (10.0) |
|
| |
| Total household income | |
| <$25,000 | 1,076 (30.8) |
| $25,000–$49,999 | 685 (19.6) |
| $50,000–$74,999 | 417 (11.9) |
| $75,000–$99,999 | 212 (6.1) |
| $100,000–$149,999 | 184 (5.3) |
| $150,000 or more | 95 (2.7) |
|
| |
| Employee status | |
| Full-time | 496 (14.2) |
| Part–time | 252 (7.2) |
| Disability for medical reasons | 877 (25.1) |
| Not employed for other reasons | 1,869 (53.5) |
|
| |
| Medical history | |
| COPD | 1,054 (30.2) |
| CKD | 693 (19.8) |
| Depression | 874 (25.0) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1,426 (40.8) |
| Tobacco use/smoking | 689 (19.7) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1,258 (36.0) |
| Coronary artery disease | 2,177 (62.3) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 2,643 (75.6) |
| Hypertension | 2,872 (82.2) |
| VT/VF | 661 (18.9) |
| CRT therapy | 234 (6.7) |
|
| |
| NYHA functional classification | |
| I | 344 (9.8) |
| II | 1,914 (54.8) |
| III | 1,004 (28.7) |
| IV | 87 (2.5) |
| Unknown | 145 (4.1) |
|
| |
| Number of prior hospitalizations within 12 months of screening | |
| 0 | 2,173 (62.2) |
| 1 | 886 (25.4) |
| ≥2 | 435 (12.4) |
|
| |
| Vital signs on enrollment | |
| Systolic pressure, mm Hg | 120 (110, 131) |
| Diastolic pressure, mm Hg | 72 (64, 80) |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 72 (66, 81) |
|
| |
| Clinical measurements and laboratory results | |
| LVEF, % | 30 (23, 35) |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 2,013 (794, 5,490) |
| HbA1c, % | 6.4 (5.8, 7.6) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 13.2 (11.8, 14.4) |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) |
| BUN, mg/dl | 20.0 (16.0, 28.0) |
| Sodium, mmol | 139 (137, 141) |
| eGFR, ml/min/m2 | |
| <30 | 122 (3.5) |
| 30–45 | 304 (8.7) |
| 45–60 | 491 (14.1) |
| >60 | 1,200 (34.3) |
| Missing | 1,377 (39.4) |
|
| |
| Medication on enrollment | |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB | 2,102 (60.2) |
| Beta-blocker | 2,894 (82.8) |
| MRA | 1,161 (33.2) |
| ARNI | 451 (12.9) |
| Loop diuretic agent | 2,139 (61.2) |
| Hydralazine | 193 (5.5) |
| Digoxin | 475 (13.6) |
| Ivabradine | 42 (1.2) |
| Inotrope | 14 (0.4) |
| Number of medications | 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) |
|
| |
| Site characteristics | |
| Physician specialty | |
| Family practice | 219 (6.3) |
| Internal medicine | 266 (7.6) |
| HF specialist | 718 (20.5) |
| Other cardiologist | 2,086 (59.7) |
| Number of HF patients managed annually | 1,200 (480, 3,000) |
Values are median (Q1, Q3) or n (%).
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI = angiotensin-receptor neprilysin inhibitor; BMI = body mass index; BUN = blood urea nitrogen; CKD = chronic kidney disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT = cardiac resynchronization therapy; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c = Hemoglobin A1c; HF = heart failure; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA = mineralocorticoid antagonist; VT/VF = ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation.