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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Laryngoscope. 2017 Dec 15;128(10):2245–2251. doi: 10.1002/lary.27044

Table 1. Impact of age on fiber type by tongue region.

The estimated marginal means of the percent muscle fibers positive for each myosin heavy chain type reported by age and region with the estimated standard error. Exercise and control group results are combined, as there was no significant age-region-exercise interaction.

Fiber Type Age Group Anterior Middle Posterior

MyHC IIb Old 54.3±3.5% 14.3±1.5% 4.0±1.0%
Young Adult 76.0±3.5% 21.0±1.5% 8.0±1.0%
p < 0.001* p = 0.004* p = 0.009*

MyHC IIx Old 41.9±3.5% 73.7±1.5% 75.2±1.7%
Young Adult 22.9±3.5% 69.0±1.5% 80.3±1.7%
p = 0.001* p = 0.035* p = 0.041*

MyHC IIa Old 2.8±1.3% 21.2±1.0% 29.2±1.3%
Young Adult 0.6±1.3% 1.3±1.0% 16.2±1.3%
p = 0.235 p < 0.001* p < 0.001*