Figure 5.
Effect of H2 on LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary cultured astrocytes. mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were determined by qRT-PCR 3 h after the addition of LPS. The data were normalized to the expression of β-actin. Results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 5 in each group). The data are analyzed by two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.