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. 2018 Jun 15;8:9201. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27439-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Personal early-life events modulate grey matter volume (GMV) changes in the (A) prefrontal cortex, (B) insula, and (C) amygdala (statistical maps thresholded at TFCE P_FWE < 0.05 overlaid on representative structural images). For visualization purposes, the number of adverse life events (LE) was split into three categories: 0, 1, 2+ (two or more) negative events. Graphs show parameter estimates of GMV change between ages 14 and 17. SE, social environment; TFCE, threshold-free cluster-enhancement; FWE, family-wise error; x and y indicate medio-lateral and antero-posterior location of the structural section in stereotactic space, respectively. Error bars represent +/− 1 SE.