Table 3.
Putatively identified metabolites and associated pathways.
| Pathway | Metabolites |
|---|---|
| Aminobenzoate degradation; microbial metabolism | quinone |
| Arginine and proline metabolism | Creatine, creatinine, guanidinobutanoic acid, oxoarginine, gamma-glutamyl-putrescine, spermine, citrulline |
| Arginine, purine, pyrimidine12,33,34, alanine, aspartate33, glutamate32 metabolism | n-acetylglutamine, thymine, dihydrothymine |
| Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites12 | methylxanthine, hydroxyphenylalanine |
| Citrate cycle11,12,29,34,35 | citric acid 12,29,34 |
| Energy metabolism | carnitine35, acetylcarnitine30, o-isobutyryl-carnitine, 3-methylglutarylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine |
| Fatty acid metabolism30,33,35 | carnitine35, furoylglycine, aminohippuric acid, hydroxyhippuric acid |
| Glutathione metabolism | pyroglutamic acid |
| Phenylalanine metabolism30 | hydroxyhippuric acid, hippuric acid29,30,36, phenylacetylglutamine30, phenyllactic, hydrocinnamic acid, homophenylalanine, phenylacetylglycine, aminosalicyluric acid, phenylglyoxylic acid, tyrosine32 |
| Primary degradation product of tRNA | dimethylguanosine |
| Purine metabolism11,32,33 | hypoxanthine32, methylhypoxanthine, adenosine8, xanthine, uric acid32 |
| Tryptophan metabolism12,32,35 | tyrosine32, hydroxyindole, hydroxyanthranilic acid, anthranilic acid12, indolelactic acid, methyltryptamine, tryptophan32, hydroxyindoleacetic acid, kynurenine, hydroxyindolepyruvic acid, hydroxytryptophan |
References indicate previous clinical urinary metabolomic studies of BC in which the metabolite were selected as discriminant and/or dysregulated pathways reviewed in15. Note: Metabolites found at higher levels before TURBT are highlighted in bold. Pathways highlighted in bold were found disregulated (p-value < 0.05) (see the text for details).