Table 2.
Clinical characteristics and laboratory results of the cohort and stratified by endemicity of provenience
| Characteristica | Entire cohort | Area of origin | p-valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endemic | Non-endemic | |||
| Total, N (%) | 272 | 234 (86.0) | 38 (14.0) | |
| Symptoms presence, N (%) | 144 (52.9) | 124 (52.9) | 20 (52.6) | 1 |
| Abdominal pain | 98 (36.0) | 85 (36.3) | 13 (34.2) | 0.857 |
| Genito-urinary | 20 (7.4) | 16 (6.8) | 4 (10.5) | 0.625 |
| Macro-hematuria | 25 (11.3) | 22 (9.4) | 3 (7.9) | 1 |
| Rectal bleeding | 4 (1.5) | 4 (1.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Cough | 3 (1.1) | 3 (1.3) | 0 (0) | |
| Positive microscopy, N (%) | 103 (37.9) | 98 (41.9) | 5 (13.2) | < 0.001* |
| Ova in stools | 50 (18.4) | 48 (20.5) | 2 (5.3) | 0.020* |
| Ova in urine | 52 (19.1) | 49 (20.9) | 3 (7.9) | 0.070 |
| Ova in biopsy | 12 (4.4) | 11 (4.7) | 1 (2.6) | 1 |
| Schistosoma species, N (%) | ||||
| S.haematobium | 49 (47.6) | 46 (46.9) | 3 (60.0) | 0.102 |
| S.mansoni | 48 (46.6) | 46 (46.9) | 2 (40.0) | 0.037* |
| Both | 6 (5.8) | 6 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Positive serology, N (%) | 250 (91.9) | 213 (91.0) | 37 (97.4) | 0.332 |
| Increased IgEc, N (%) | 169 (63.8) | 159 (70.0) | 10 (26.3) | < 0.001* |
| Blood eosinophilia, N (%) | 130 (47.8) | 115 (49.1) | 15 (39.5) | 0.297 |
| Other helminths, N (%) | 49 (22.8) | 44 (18.8) | 5 (13.2) | 0.499 |
| Abnormal Ultrasound, N (%) | 124 (48.8) | 110 (50.2) | 14 (40.0) | 0.280 |
| Infection Site, N (%) | ||||
| IS | 48 (17.9) | 46 (20.0) | 2 (5.4) | 0.037* |
| HSS | 13 (5.1) | 13 (5.9) | 0 (0) | |
| UGS | 133 (48.9) | 120 (51.3) | 13 (34.2) | 0.056 |
| I | 110 (43.8) | 88 (40.6) | 22 (64.7) | 0.009* |
| Diagnosis Type, N (%) | ||||
| Confirmed | 103 (37.9) | 98 (41.9) | 5 (13.2) | 0.003* |
| Probable | 165 (60.6) | 133 (56.9) | 32 (82.2) | |
| Suspected | 4 (1.5) | 3 (1.2) | 1 (2.6) | |
Abbreviations: IS Intestinal, HSS Hepato-splenic schistosomiasis, UGS Urogenital schistosomiasis, I Indeterminate
aRelative frequencies for each variable are obtained on the sub-population for which information was available
bCalculation of the P-value was done through different statistical tests. Namely, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for testing the difference in the distribution of age and elapsed time, whereas Fisher’s exact test was used for all dichotomous variables. Finally, the Chi-Squared test was used to test the difference in the distribution among diagnoses
cTotal IgE value equal or above the upper normal limit (≥120 IU/ml)