FIG. 3.

Monitoring methods used to detect LAMP amplicons. (a) Naked eye observation based on white precipitate (Hara-Kudo et al., 2005), DNA dye (SYBR Green I) (Mashooq et al., 2016), and colorimetric indictor (calcein) (Li et al., 2016), respectively; (b) gel electrophoresis (Hara-Kudo et al., 2005); (c) real-time turbidity (Domesle et al., 2018); (d) real-time fluorescence (Domesle et al., 2018); (e) BART (Yang et al., 2016); (f) ELISA (Ravan and Yazdanparast, 2012); (g) LFD (Zhao et al., 2017); and (h) electrochemical method (Hsieh et al., 2012). BART, bioluminescent assay in real-time; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; LAMP, loop-mediated isothermal amplification; LFD, lateral flow dipstick. Figure reprinted from Hsieh K, et al. 2012, Angewandte Chemie International Edition. Reproduced by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.