Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics grouped according to AKI status
| Variable | Non-AKI | Mild AKI | Severe AKI | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 123) | (n = 10) | (n = 11) | ||
| Age, months | 12 [4–48] | 30.5 [11.25–98] | 59 [4–98] | 0.049& |
| Body weight, kg | 10 [6.5–14] | 14 [8.75–26.25] | 20 [6.5–30]* | 0.024& |
| Male, n | 70 (56.9) | 5 (50.0) | 7 (63.6) | 0.819 |
| PRISM III score | 3 [0.25–6.75] | 7.5 [4.25–10.5]* | 17 [8–20]*# | < 0.001 |
| Arterial pHa | 7.409 [7.363–7.468] | 7.461 [7.392–7.481] | 7.400 [7.203–7.497] | 0.297 |
| Blood bicarbonatea, mmol/L | 20.0 [17.6–22.2] | 17.1 [15.5–20.0]* | 17.1 [8.1–19.6]* | 0.020φ |
| Serum albumina, g/L | 41.7 [38.5–44.4] | 40.2 [34.9–46.9] | 35.3 [26.7–43.8]* | 0.026φ |
| Serum creatininea, μmol/L | 24.6 [19.5–31.8] | 44.3 [26.9–72.1]* | 86.4 [77.3–140.0]*# | < 0.001φ |
| Blood urea nitrogena, μmol/L | 3.30 [2.54–4.40] | 6.34 [3.41–8.53]* | 7.00 [5.84–13.44]* | < 0.001φ |
| Serum sodiuma, μmol/L | 134.6 [132.3–136.6] | 135.8 [133.2–140.3] | 132.8 [130.3–133.7]*# | 0.008ζ |
| Serum potassiuma, μmol/L | 4.02 [3.57–4.56] | 4.31 [3.77–4.47] | 4.32 [3.83–5.60] | 0.157 |
| MODSb, n | 3 (2.4) | 2 (20.0)* | 6 (54.5)* | < 0.001φ |
| Shock/DICb, n | 11 (8.9) | 2 (20.0) | 5 (45.5)* | < 0.001ζ |
| MVc, n | 45 (36.6) | 6 (60.0) | 10 (90.9)* | 0.001ζ |
| Duration of MVc, hours | 0 [0–44] | 35 [0–123.5] | 115 [12–134]* | 0.001ζ |
| Prolonged MV (> 48 h)c, n | 26 (21.1) | 4 (40.0) | 8 (72.7)* | 0.002φ |
| Antibioticsc, n | 116 (94.3) | 10 (100) | 11 (100) | 0.322 |
| Inotropec, n | 23 (18.7) | 1 (10.0) | 8 (72.7)*# | 0.001φ |
| Furosemidec, n | 31 (25.2) | 3 (30.0) | 11 (100)*# | 0.032φ |
| Steroidsc, n | 45 (36.6) | 3 (30.0) | 5 (45.5) | 0.757 |
| PICU LOS, hours | 66 [36–141] | 77.5 [38.25–256] | 152 [118–181]* | 0.032ζ |
| Death, n | 5 (4.1) | 1 (10.0) | 2 (18.2) | 0.093 |
Values are median [interquartile range]. Numbers in parentheses denote percentages
AKI network stage 1 was defined as mild AKI, and AKIN stages 2 and 3 were defined as severe AKI. AKI acute kidney injury, DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation, LOS length of stay, MODS multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MV mechanical ventilation, PICU pediatric intensive care unit, PRISM III pediatric risk of mortality III
aThe first available laboratory results during the first 24 h after PICU admission. bDeveloped during PICU stay. cAdministration during PICU stay
*P < 0.05, compared with non-AKI; #P < 0.05, compared with mild AKI. &P > 0.05, after adjustment for PRISM III score. ζP > 0.05, φP < 0.05, after adjustment for body weight and PRISM III score