Fig. 3.

Growth profiles and protein secretion of both wildtype and hyperbranching (∆racA) backgrounds obtained from shake flask cultivations. The ∆racA (Tet-on-glaA, ∆glaA, ∆racA; MF22.4) and its parental strain (Tet-on-glaA, ∆glaA; MF19.5) were used in this experiment. For each strain, 5 × 10⁶ spores/mL were inoculated in 50 mL medium in Erlenmeyer flasks, cultivated for 18 h at 30 °C and 250 rpm. Glucoamylase production was induced with 20 µg/mL DOX (time point 0 h). 0, 24, 48 and 72 h post-induction, physiological parameters were determined and microscopic pictures taken. a Biomass yield (dry weight), b total secreted protein, and c residual glucose concentration in the media was determined. Results are average and error of three biological replicates. Significance values were calculated with 2-tailed t-test with independent variables (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). d Microscopic pictures showing representative pictures of mycelial macromorphologies at 0 h post-induction (scale bar 100 µm)