Table 1.
Cohort characteristics by quartiles of CAC volume scores in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
| Total Cohort |
Volume Quartile 1 |
Volume Quartile 2 |
Volume Quartile 3 |
Volume Quartile 4 |
p value* |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| CAC volume score range (mm^3) | 2–4992 | 2.3–24.5 | 24.6–85.2 | 85.2–273.5 | 273.5–4991.9 | |
| N | 3398 | 852 | 847 | 850 | 849 | |
| CAC density score (density unit) | 2.69 | 2.07 | 2.70 | 2.91 | 3.09 | <0.01 |
| Age (years) | 66.35 | 62.95 | 65.17 | 67.25 | 70.05 | <0.01 |
| Male | 58% | 46% | 53% | 61% | 72% | <0.01 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Caucasian | 44% | 32% | 38% | 49% | 58% | <0.01 |
| Chinese | 12% | 19% | 15% | 10% | 4% | <0.01 |
| African American | 24% | 26% | 26% | 22% | 23% | 0.17 |
| Hispanic | 20% | 23% | 22% | 19% | 16% | 0.01 |
| Education | ||||||
| <High school | 19% | 21% | 20% | 18% | 16% | 0.07 |
| High school+ | 35% | 31% | 34% | 37% | 39% | 0.02 |
| College+ | 46% | 48% | 46% | 45% | 45% | 0.61 |
| Annual Income | ||||||
| <$50,000 | 63% | 64% | 66% | 63% | 61% | 0.33 |
| $50,000–$99,999 | 24% | 22% | 23% | 26% | 26% | 0.20 |
| $100,000+ | 13% | 14% | 12% | 12% | 13% | 0.52 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 194.62 | 193.59 | 192.43 | 195.78 | 196.68 | 0.10 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 49.41 | 50.43 | 49.49 | 48.94 | 48.79 | 0.18 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 130.81 | 127.53 | 131 | 131.48 | 133.23 | <0.01 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 72.57 | 71.42 | 72.96 | 72.53 | 73.36 | <0.01 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 45% | 52% | 46% | 42% | 38% | <0.01 |
| Former | 42% | 37% | 42% | 44% | 46% | 0.01 |
| Current | 13% | 11% | 12% | 13% | 16% | 0.04 |
| Smoking amount (Pack-years) | 14.70 | 12.11 | 12.29 | 14.88 | 19.52 | <0.01 |
| Diabetes | 18% | 12% | 15% | 19% | 25% | <0.01 |
| Hypertension meds | 46% | 37% | 43% | 48% | 55% | <0.01 |
| Statins | 20% | 15% | 19% | 21% | 25% | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m^2) | 28.36 | 27.07 | 28.07 | 28.79 | 29.52 | <0.01 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 99.69 | 99.33 | 99.03 | 100.89 | 102.5 | <0.01 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 105.32 | 102.6 | 105.09 | 106.21 | 107.42 | <0.01 |
| WHR | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.95 | <0.01 |
| GFRS | 18.34 | 16.63 | 18.06 | 18.71 | 19.97 | <0.01 |
| Family history of MI | 45% | 38% | 45% | 50% | 60% | <0.01 |
| Typical walking pace | ||||||
| No walking | 5% | 2% | 7% | 5% | 7% | <0.01 |
| Stroll | 26% | 22% | 27% | 26% | 27% | 0.09 |
| Normal | 49% | 56% | 45% | 48% | 48% | <0.01 |
| Brisk | 18% | 18% | 18% | 19% | 17% | 0.75 |
| Stride | 2% | 2% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 0.10 |
| Alcohol consumption status | ||||||
| Never | 19% | 24% | 22% | 17% | 15% | <0.01 |
| Former | 25% | 22% | 29% | 25% | 25% | 0.03 |
| Current | 55% | 54% | 49% | 57% | 60% | <0.01 |
| Alcohol consumption (drinks/week) | 5.62 | 5.25 | 5.17 | 5.38 | 6.62 | 0.02 |
| IL-6 (mg/dL) | 1.67 | 1.58 | 1.59 | 1.72 | 1.81 | 0.01 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 353.80 | 348.43 | 353.07 | 354.00 | 359.73 | 0.09 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 3.79 | 3.48 | 3.44 | 4.10 | 4.15 | 0.06 |
Participants stratified by quartiles of ascending CAC volume score. Analysis includes only participants with CAC volume score >0. Means and frequencies were adjusted for age, gender, and CAC density score by ANCOVA. The covariates of age, gender (proportion of males), and CAC density score were normalized to their mean values of 66.35 years, 57% male, and 2.69 density units, respectively.
Abbreviations: BMI=Body Mass Index, WHR=waist-hip ratio, GFRS=Global Framingham Risk Score, MI=myocardial infarction, IL-6=interleukin-6, CRP=C-reactive protein,
*
for trend across quartiles