Table 2. Gender-specific adjusted odds ratios of living arrangement for depressive symptoms.
| ALL n = 42,169 |
P-value for interaction of gender |
||||||||
| Men (n = 19,656) | Women (n = 22,513) | ||||||||
| n | n of case | ORa | 95% CI | n | n of case | ORa | 95% CI | ||
| Living arrangement | |||||||||
| With spouse only | 9,468 | 1,144 | 1.00 | 7,805 | 915 | 1.00 | |||
| Living alone | 983 | 174 | 1.43 | (1.18, 1.73) | 3,355 | 471 | 1.04 | (0.91, 1.18) | 0.07 |
| With spouse and parent(s) | 447 | 60 | 1.47 | (1.09, 1.98) | 227 | 21 | 0.82 | (0.51, 1.32) | 0.09 |
| With spouse and child | 6,383 | 797 | 1.08 | (0.97, 1.20) | 5,232 | 548 | 0.84 | (0.74, 0.95) | 0.18 |
| With spouse, child and parent(s) | 403 | 31 | 0.72 | (0.49, 1.06) | 177 | 19 | 0.95 | (0.57, 1.58) | 0.12 |
| Child only, parent(s) only, or child and parent(s) only | 1,736 | 253 | 1.12 | (0.96, 1.32) | 5,294 | 726 | 0.95 | (0.84, 1.07) | 0.62 |
| Others | 218 | 31 | 0.97 | (0.65, 1.46) | 423 | 67 | 1.11 | (0.83, 1.48) | 0.27 |
| GDS score in 2010 | 19,656 | 2,490 | 1.84 | (1.78, 1.91) | 22,513 | 2,767 | 1.91 | (1.85, 1.98) | |
| Age | 19,656 | 2,490 | 1.02 | (1.00, 1.03) | 22,513 | 2,767 | 1.02 | (1.01, 1.04) | |
| Age group | |||||||||
| 65–74 years old | 13,090 | 1,475 | 1.00 | 14,833 | 1,675 | 1.00 | |||
| 75 years and older | 6,566 | 1,015 | 1.04 | (0.88, 1.23) | 7,680 | 1,092 | 0.90 | (0.77, 1.06) | |
| Years of education attainment | |||||||||
| 13 years and more | 5,121 | 458 | 1.00 | 3,236 | 320 | 1.00 | |||
| 10–12 years | 6,849 | 851 | 1.30 | (1.14, 1.47) | 8,505 | 903 | 0.99 | (0.86, 1.14) | |
| 9 years and less | 7,447 | 1,140 | 1.37 | (1.20, 1.56) | 10,340 | 1,469 | 1.19 | (1.03, 1.36) | |
| missing | 239 | 41 | 1.62 | (1.11, 2.36) | 432 | 75 | 1.34 | (0.99, 1.81) | |
| Household equivalent income | |||||||||
| 4 million yen and higher | 2,510 | 194 | 1.00 | 2,366 | 195 | 1.00 | |||
| 2–3.99 million yen | 8,303 | 881 | 1.17 | (0.98, 1.39) | 7,607 | 767 | 1.14 | (0.96, 1.35) | |
| 1.99 million yen and lower | 7,221 | 1,154 | 1.54 | (1.29, 1.83) | 8,475 | 1,194 | 1.37 | (1.15, 1.62) | |
| missing | 1,622 | 261 | 1.43 | (1.16, 1.77) | 4,065 | 611 | 1.39 | (1.16, 1.67) | |
| Working status | |||||||||
| Working | 6,070 | 655 | 1.00 | 3,888 | 441 | 1.00 | |||
| Retired | 11,872 | 1,562 | 0.99 | (0.89, 1.10) | 11,550 | 1,358 | 0.86 | (0.76, 0.97) | |
| Never work | 592 | 116 | 1.21 | (0.95, 1.53) | 3,735 | 485 | 0.89 | (0.76, 1.03) | |
| missing | 1,122 | 157 | 0.85 | (0.69, 1.04) | 3,340 | 483 | 0.91 | (0.78, 1.06) | |
| Disease treatment | |||||||||
| No | 5,301 | 526 | 1.00 | 5,533 | 525 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 13,050 | 1,800 | 1.20 | (1.07, 1.34) | 15,168 | 1,994 | 1.12 | (1.01, 1.25) | |
| Missing | 1,305 | 164 | 1.04 | (0.86, 1.28) | 1,812 | 248 | 1.10 | (0.92, 1.31) | |
| Poor self-rated health | |||||||||
| No | 17,535 | 1,963 | 1.00 | 20,259 | 2,266 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1,992 | 501 | 1.70 | (1.51, 1.93) | 1,997 | 466 | 1.57 | (1.39, 1.78) | |
| Missing | 129 | 26 | 1.46 | (0.92, 2.32) | 257 | 35 | 0.97 | (0.66, 1.42) | |
| Walking time period per day | |||||||||
| 29 min and less | 4,642 | 732 | 1.00 | 6,027 | 915 | 1.00 | |||
| 30–59 min | 6,806 | 822 | 0.93 | (0.83, 1.04) | 7,886 | 947 | 0.93 | (0.83, 1.03) | |
| 60–89 min | 3,597 | 414 | 0.96 | (0.84, 1.10) | 3,534 | 375 | 0.86 | (0.75, 0.98) | |
| 90 min and more | 3,790 | 406 | 0.94 | (0.82, 1.08) | 3,754 | 370 | 0.85 | (0.74, 0.98) | |
| missing | 821 | 116 | 1.05 | (0.83, 1.31) | 1,312 | 160 | 0.79 | (0.65, 0.96) | |
CI, confidence interval; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; OR, odds ratio.
aAdjusted by all variables in the table. Residential area was also adjusted using a fixed model (ie, using 23 dummy variables).