Table 1.
Demography and neuropsychological test among SCD, MCI and HC.
| SCD (n = 111) | MCI (n = 30) | HC (n = 67) | F/λ2/H | Post-hoc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 69.8 ± 7.6 | 75.5 ± 7.6 | 67.7 ± 6.6 | 11.80** | HC, SCD < MCI* |
| Male, n (%) | 50(45.0%) | 8(26.7%) | 40(59.7%) | 9.49* | HC, SCD*>MCI* |
| Education (year) | 9.0 ± 4.1 | 3.9 ± 4.5 | 9.2 ± 4.2 | 19.74** | HC, SCD < MCI** |
| GDS | 3.5 ± 4.1 | 5.5 ± 5.7 | 1.8 ± 3.8 | 30.78**# | HC < MCI**#; HC < SCD**# |
| Self-report anxiety, n (%) | 5(4.5%) | 1(3.3%) | 0(0%) | n.s. | NS |
| Smokea | 35(31.5%) | 4(13.3%) | 22(32.8%) | n.s. | NS |
| MMSE | 27.3 ± 2.3 | 20.2 ± 4.4 | 28.1 ± 1.7 | 70.31** | HC,SCD>MCI** |
| MoCA | 24.0 ± 4.2 | 13.7 ± 4.4 | 25.3 ± 3.5 | 52.08** | HC,SCD>MCI** |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 58(52.3%) | 12(40%) | 27(40.3%) | n.s. | NS |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 22(19.8%) | 6(20.0%) | 6(9.0%) | n.s. | NS |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 23(20.7%) | 6(20.0%) | 7(10.4%) | n.s. | NS |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 39(35.1%) | 8(26.7%) | 11(16.4%) | 7.31* | SCD>HC* |
| Digit span forwarda | 8.87 ± 2.47 | 5.54 ± 1.92 | 9.93 ± 2.25 | 35.94** | HC,SCD>MCI**; HC>SCD* |
| Digit span backwardb | 5.48 ± 2.07 | 3.17 ± 1.97 | 6.20 ± 2.38 | 19.98** | HC,SCD>MCI** |
| Auditory verbal learning (AVLT) | 31.34 ± 9.02 | 20.27 ± 7.73 | 34.34 ± 10.12 | 24.54** | HC,SCD>MCI** |
| Associative learningb | 6.54 ± 3.16 | 2.24 ± 2.02 | 7.20 ± 3.37 | 33.41** | HC,SCD>MCI** |
| Verbal fluencyc | 27.51 ± 8.39 | 17.90 ± 7.78 | 30.50 ± 10.33 | 20.02** | HC,SCD>MCI** |
| Visual recognition (functional)b | 3.43 ± 0.80 | 2.43 ± 0.86 | 3.77 ± 0.46 | 34.34** | HC,SCD>MCI**, HC>SCD* |
| Visual recognition (semantic) b | 3.04 ± 1.21 | 2.03 ± 1.03 | 3.47 ± 0.71 | 18.88** | HC,SCD>MCI** |
| Visual matching and reasoningb | 5.40 ± 2.34 | 3.60 ± 1.58 | 6.13 ± 2.12 | 16.84** | HC,SCD>MCI** |
| Visual recognition correctb | 5.83 ± 1.60 | 5.37 ± 1.73 | 6.39 ± 1.20 | 5.12* | HC>MCI* |
| WAIS picture completion | 10.22 ± 3.81 | 6.87 ± 4.51 | 11.97 ± 4.10 | 16.60** | HC,SCD>MCI**. HC>SCD* |
| WAIS block designc | 27.39 ± 8.63 | 16.33 ± 8.39 | 29.64 ± 7.15 | 28.67** | HC,SCD>MCI** |
Continuous data presented as mean ± standard deviation; Post-hoc group comparisons-Bonferroni corrected (0.05/3 = 0.017); All the analyses of neuropsychological variables were conducted with age, gender, education and GDS score as covariates. Symbol: NS denotes non-significant; #Kruskal-Wallis test was used. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001.
a
One sample data were missing.
b
Two sample data were missing.
c
Three sample data were missing.