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Effects of herbivores on plants in different biomes (Left), for different herbivore guilds (Middle), and for different plant growth forms (Right). Panels depict herbivore impacts on reproduction and survival (A–C), biomass and abundance (D–F), and species richness and evenness (G–I). Points and lines show means and 95% CIs (SI Appendix, Tables S5–S7). Plant response categories with less than five comparisons are not shown. Invert, invertebrates; Vert, vertebrates.
