Table 1.

Description of six broad vegetation metrics included in the meta-analysis

Type of plant response	Measurements included
Plant performance
Reproduction	Seed germination, seedling establishment, seed production*
Survival	Survival
Vegetation structure
Biomass	Vegetative standing biomass at time of sampling
Abundance	Individuals, plant density, percent cover
Diversity
Species richness	Number of species
Species evenness	Species evenness, Shannon’s diversity, Simpson’s diversity

Data are modified from groupings in ref. 63.

^*Results for reproduction excluding seed production are provided in SI Appendix, Table S12.