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. 2018 Apr;16(4):221–234.

Appendix 1.

Summary of papers reviewed in this study

Cesarean complications Listed items Cesarean causes Prevalence (%) Year Sample Size Source
Fetal distress, lack of labor progression, fear of pain, previous Cesarean , tubal ligation, History of infertility, miscarriage and stillbirth, maternal blood pressure 43 2012 697 (4)
TTN, RDS, labor injuries,NICU admission
Lack of labor progression, previous Cesarean , abnormal presentation, doctor recommendation, mother request, multiple pregnancy, private hospitals, higher education, working mothers, CPD ,decreased fetal movement, blood pressure 66.5 2003 824 (13)
Lack of labor progression, previous Cesarean , abnormal presentation, fetal distress, maintaining the health of both the mother and fetus 23.6 2000 1080 (15)
TTN، RDS 81 2008 2023 (22)
Mother suggest 43.9 2012 459 (28)
Spouse's education, lack of awareness 41.9 2014 392 (31)
Private hospitals, previous Cesarean , higher education, working mothers, gravidity 28.4 2009 250 (35)
Private hospitals, previous Cesarean , mother request, Lack of knowledge 76.3 2010 360 (36)
Fever, muscular pain, infection, labor injuries Fetal distress, lack of labor progression, maintaining the health of both the mother and fetus, previous Cesarean , previous Cesarean , higher education, working mothers, high pregnancy age 40.3 2010 1500 (48)
Lack of sexual satisfaction higher education, working mothers, marriage age _ 2009 618 (50)
Lack of sexual satisfaction higher education, working mothers _ 2013 200 (52)
labor injuries 40 2005 13117 (56)
Fetal distress, lack of labor progression, maintaining the health of both the mother and fetus, mother request, multiple pregnancy, mother disease, private hospitals, high pregnancy age, low pregnancy age 51.6 2013 103348 (59)
Fetal distress, lack of labor progression, previous Cesarean , abnormal appearance, mother request 32.6 2013 950 (60)
Lack of labor progress, fear of pain, doctor recommendation, request mother 58.6 2011 396 (61)
Apgar score below 7 13 2010 294 (62)
Abnormal appearance, repeated Cesarean , fear of pain, multiple pregnancy, high pregnancy age, higher education, history of infertility,CPD, history of abortion or still birth, history of maternal hypertentation 59 2012 200 (63)
Failure of labor progression, fetal distress, abnormal presentation, previous Cesarean , tubal ligation, multiple pregnancy, history of ,infertility, CPD , decrease fetal movement 63.3 2012 600 (64)
Private hospitals , Class status 26.1 2002 5874 (65)
Average maternal admission 86 2007 411 (66)
RDS, abnormal bleeding, labor injuries Lack of progress of labor, fetal distress, abnormal presentation 19.1 1999 5440 (67)
Fever, muscular pain, headache, infections, digestive problems 48 2010 300 (68)
TTN, RDS High pregnancy age, low pregnancy age, working mothers 50 2005 600 (69)
TTN, RDS, NICU admission, Apgar score below 7 Abnormal appearance, previous Cesarean , mother request, high pregnancy age, low pregnancy age, higher education _ 2013 250 (70)
Abnormal bleeding, fever, digestive problems, average maternal admission 73 2004 593 (71)
Abnormal bleeding, fever, infections, digestive problems, average maternal admission, Apgar score below 7 Fetal distress, lack of labor progression 68 2005 253 (72)
SUI Lack of labor progress, maternal request, mother disease 49.1 2006 702 (73)
Average maternal admission 42 2014 536 (74)
RDS 20 2005 170 (75)
Lack of labor progress, fetal distress, previous Cesarean , mother request, multiple pregnancy, private hospitals , CPD , Class status , Recommended acquaintances 45 2012 24241 (76)
Lack of labor progress, mother request, previous Cesarean , tubal ligation, high pregnancy age, low pregnancy age, higher education , CPD 44 2004 13599 (77)
Mother request, high pregnancy age, low pregnancy age, higher education, working mothers ,the husband request 41.4 2013 384 (78)
Average maternal admission Higher education, working mothers 49 2013 1172 (79)
Fetal distress, lack of labor progression 26 2011 1537 (80)
Lack of sexual satisfaction previous Cesarean , fear of pain, doctor recommendation, tubal ligation, private hospitals, higher education, working mothers , Lack of knowledge _ 2006 60 (81)
Abnormal bleeding, digestive problems, SUI, muscular pain, headache High pregnancy age, low pregnancy age, higher education, working mothers 61 2012 308 (82)
SUI 71 2008 1400 (83)
SUI 16 2001 400 (84)
Abnormal bleeding, digestive problems, labor injuries, SUI, RDS, NICU admission Higher education, working mothers 46 2012 246 (85)
Lack of sexual satisfaction Higher education, working mothers _ 2012 366 (86)
Lack of sexual satisfaction Higher education, working mothers _ 2011 180 (87)
Lack of sexual satisfaction High pregnancy age, higher education, working mothers _ 2010 280 (88)
SUI 16 2001 400 (84)
Abnormal bleeding, gastrointestinal problems, SUI, RDS, labor injuries, hospitalized in the NICU Higher education of mother, working mothers - 2012 246 (85)
sexual dissatisfaction Higher education of mother, working mothers - 2012 266 (86)
sexual dissatisfaction Higher education of mother, working mothers 2011 180 (87)
sexual dissatisfaction Maternal age, education, working mothers 2010 280 (88)
Location, lack of awareness, marriage age, class status, history of infertility, miscarriage and stillbirth, CPD, advised acquaintances 47 2012 600 (89)
Fear of pain, doctors recommendation, repeated Cesarean section, maternal request, Parity, Location, abortions and stillbirths, the wife request 57 2013 450 (90)
Maternal request, abnormal presentation, location, Age at marriage, abortion and stillbirth, CPD 37 2000 500 (91)
Fear of pain, lack of awareness, class status, spouse's education, marriage age 19 2015 196 (92)
Fear of pain, doctors recommendation, mother request, lack of awareness, class status, place of residence, the husband request, relatives advised - 2016 739 (93)