CBS, CSE and MPST protein levels, and H2S productivity in human UCB tumour and adjacent tissue samples. Protein expression levels of (A) CBS and (B) CSE and compared with GAPDH in samples from patients. (C) Representative images of MIBC UCB sections, demonstrating moderate to strong immunoreactivity for CBS, CSE and MPST (×10, magnification). (D) MPST compared with GAPDH in samples from patients, as determined by western blotting. (E) Determination of H2S productivity rate. The rate of H2S productivity was higher in bladder tumour samples compared with in adjacent controls (vs. NMIBC, P=0.035; vs. MIBC, P=0.007), with statistical significance also identified between the UCB groups (P=0.021). Thus, the levels of CBS, CSE and MPST expression, and H2S productivity, were higher in bladder tumours compared with in normal bladder tissue. *P<0.05; **P<0.01 vs. Norm. CBS, cystathionine β-synthase; CSE, cystathionine γ-lyase; MPST, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase; UCB, urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder; NMIBC, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer; MIBC, muscle-invasive bladder cancer; Norm, normal; T, tumor.