Table 2.
Clinical Periodontal Measures at OsteoPerio Baseline and Follow-Up According to Response to the WHI-OS Periodontal Disease Question, “Has a Dentist or Dental Hygienist Ever Told You That You Had Periodontal or Gum Disease?”
| Parameter | WHI-OS Periodontal Disease Response
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Periodontal Measures | Follow-Up Periodontal Measures | |||||
|
| ||||||
| No (n = 713) | Yes (n = 259) | P value | No (n = 713) | Yes (n = 259) | P value | |
| Characteristic, mean ± SD (95% CI) | ||||||
| Number of teeth present at visit | 23.7 ± 4.9 (23.4 to 24.1) | 23.6 ± 4.7 (23.0 to 24.2) | 0.19‡ | 23.4 ± 5.1 (23.0 to 23.7) | 22.9 ± 4.9 (22.3 to 23.5) | 0.04‡ |
| Number of teeth lost to periodontitis | 0.14 ± 1.2 (0.05 to 0.22) | 1.26 ± 3.5 (0.83 to 1.68) | <0.05‡ | 0.15 ± 1.2 (0.06 to 0.23) | 1.6 ± 4.2 (1.08 to 2.11) | <0.05‡ |
| ACH (mm) | ||||||
| Whole-mouth mean | 2.32 ± 0.6 (2.26 to 2.37) | 2.75 ± 0.7 (2.66 to 2.85) | <0.001‡ | 2.52 ± 0.8 (2.46 to 2.58) | 2.92 ± 0.9 (2.81 to 3.04) | <0.001‡ |
| Worst site | 4.29 ± 1.2 (4.19 to 4.38) | 5.42 ± 1.8 (5.19 to 5.64) | <0.001‡ | 4.36 ± 1.56 (4.24 to 4.47) | 5.17 ± 1.86 (4.94 to 5.39) | <0.001‡ |
| CAL (mm) | ||||||
| Whole-mouth mean | 2.27 ± 0.6 (2.23 to 2.32) | 2.60 ± 0.6 (2.52 to 2.69) | <0.001‡ | 2.21 ± 0.6 (2.16 to 2.25) | 2.56 ± 0.6 (2.48 to 2.64) | <0.001‡ |
| Worst site | 5.28 ± 1.5 (5.16 to 5.40) | 6.59 ± 0.6 (6.34 to 6.84) | <0.001‡ | 5.18 ± 1.8 (5.04 to 5.32) | 6.47 ± 2.2 (6.19 to 6.76) | <0.001‡ |
| PD (mm) | ||||||
| Whole-mouth mean | 2.14 ± 0.3 (2.11 to 2.16) | 2.32 ± 0.4 (2.27 to 2.37) | <0.001† | 2.04 ± 0.3 (2.01 to 2.07) | 2.20 ± 0.3 (2.15 to 2.24) | <0.001† |
| Worst site | 4.67 ± 1.1 (4.58 to 4.75) | 5.50 ± 1.4 (5.32 to 5.68) | <0.001† | 4.54 ± 1.7 (4.42 to 4.67) | 5.29 ± 1.8 (5.06 to 5.52) | <0.001‡ |
| Gingival bleeding sites, % | 32.9 ± 21.6 (31.3 to 34.5) | 34.0 ± 24.6 (31.0 to 37.1) | 0.94‡ | 18.5 ± 19.2 (17.1 to 19.9) | 18.8 ± 18.5 (16.6 to 21.1) | 0.75‡ |
|
| ||||||
| Oral surgery or tooth extraction because of gum disease, n (%) | ||||||
| Never | 624 (90.1) | 95 (37.5) | <0.001* | 610 (88.2) | 87 (34.5) | <0.001* |
| Ever | 68 (9.9) | 158 (62.4) | 81 (11.8) | 165 (65.5) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Toothbrushing | ||||||
| ≤1 time per day | 160 (22.4) | 63 (24.3) | 0.53* | 144 (20.2) | 64 (24.7) | 0.13* |
| ≥2 times per day | 553 (77.6) | 196 (75.7) | 568 (79.8) | 195 (75.3) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Flossing | ||||||
| ≤1 time per week | 207 (29.2) | 49 (18.9) | 0.005* | 191 (26.8) | 51 (19.6) | 0.06* |
| >1 time per week | 196 (27.6) | 79 (30.6) | 192 (26.9) | 73 (28.1) | ||
| Every day | 305 (43.2) | 130 (50.5) | 329 (46.3) | 135 (52.3) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Visit dentist | ||||||
| Never | 2 (0.2) | 3 (1.1) | 0.20* | 10 (1.4) | 3 (1.1) | 0.73* |
| Only with a problem or <1 time/year | 52 (7.4) | 16 (6.3) | 26 (3.7) | 7 (2.8) | ||
| ≥1 time per year | 659 (92.4) | 240 (92.6) | 676 (94.9) | 249 (96.1) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Periodontal disease status | ||||||
| None/mild | 224 (86.4) | 35 (13.5) | <0.001* | 307 (85.5) | 52 (14.4) | <0.001* |
| Moderate | 423 (75.2) | 139 (24.7) | 360 (72.5) | 136 (27.4) | ||
| Severe | 66 (43.7) | 85 (56.2) | 46 (39.3) | 71 (60.6) | ||
*
χ2 test.
†
Independent t test.
‡
Mann–Whitney U test.